A NATO Advanced Study Institute on "New Developments and Methods in Membrane Research and Biological Energy Transduction" was held in order to consider some of the most recent developments in membrane research methodologies and results, with particular emphasis on studies of biological energy transduction. The partic­ ipants in the Institute dealt with three general areas of membrane study: membrane structure (with emphasis on lipid and protein components), membrane component assembly (with particular emphasis on mitochondria and chloroplasts), and the specialized functions of certain membrane systems. This last area included discussions of topics such as drug transformation, the role of membrane electron transport in the generation of oxygen radicals, the effect of oxygen radicals on cellular homeostasis and on the structure, organization and function of the acetylcholine receptor. Lectures and posters were concerned with two central questions: what is the function of membrane structure in energy transduction and how can energy trans­ duction be effectively measured and assessed? This text presents the content of the major lectures and important posters presented during the Institute's program. In issuing this book, the editor hopes to convey the proceedings of the Institute to a larger audi­ ence and to offer a comprehensive account of those developments in membrane research that were considered on the Island of Spetsai between August 16 and August 29, 1984. L. Packer Berkeley, California February 1985 v CONTENTS I. STRUCTURE AND BIOGENSIS Membrane Structure: Neutron Diffraction and Small Angle Scattering Studies .......... 1 G.

Inhalt

I. Structure and Biogensis.- Membrane Structure: Neutron Diffraction and Small Angle Scattering Studies.- The Nature of Proteins in Membranes.- Phosphatidylcholine Transfer Protein: Model for Lipid-Protein Interactions and Probe for Membrane Research.- Phosphatidylinositol Kinase, A Key Enzyme of Phosphatidylinositol Metabolism: Its Role in an Intracellular Second Messenger System.- Electron Paramagnetic Resonance in Biology: Spin Trapping.- Structure of Enveloped Viruses and their Interaction with Cell Surfaces.- Modification and Spin Labeling Studies of Membrane Bioenergetics.- Spectroscopic Probes for Conformational Transients of Membrane Proteins.- Determinations of Functional Heterogeneity in Proteoliposomes.- On the Mode of Action of the Delta-Endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis.- Microenvironmental Properties and Conformational Changes in Glycogen Phosphorylase.- Quantum Mechanical Model for Passive Transport Through Bilayer Lipid Membranes.- Origin of the Plastid Envelope Membranes.- Pigment-Protein Complexes of Thylakoid Membranes: Assembly, Supramolecular Organization.- Specific Properties of Higher Plant Mitochondria.- Fast Membrane Transformation in a Flashing Endoplasmic Reticulum.- II. Oxidations.- Drug Biotransformation and Drug Toxicity Studied with Intact Mammalian Cells.- Characterization of the NADPH-Dependent Superoxide-Generating Oxidase of Phagocytic Leukocytes.- Mechanisms of Membrane Lipid Peroxidation.- Fluorescence Studies of Lipid Order in Proteoliposomes Containing Cytochrome P-450 and its Reductase.- The Mechanisms Involved in the Removal of Oxygen and Oxygen Radicals in the N2-Fixing Cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum.- III. Energetics.- The Role of Cations in the Photoinduced Electron Transport of Cyanobacteria.- Halorhodopsin, the Light-Dependent Chloride Transport System of Halobacteria.- The Determination of the Electrochemical Potential Difference of Protons in Bacterial Chromatophores.- Kinetics of Proton-Transport-Coupled ATP Synthesis Driven by an Artificially Generated ?pH and ??.- Light Induced Generation of a Proton Motive Force and Ca++-Transport in Membrane Vesicles of Streptococcus cremoris Fused with Bacteriorhodopsin Proteoliposomes.- Control of Mitochondrial Respiration.- Molecular Study on Solute Carriers in Biomembranes, Exemplified by Two Well-Characterized Carriers from Mitochondria, the ADP/ATP Carrier and the Uncoupling Protein..- The Mitochondrial F0-F1 Adenosine Triphosphatase: Isolation by Sepharose Hexylammonium Chromatography.- The Unfolding of a Catalytic Mechanism for the Remarkable ATP Synthase.- Membrane-Oscillator Hypothesis of Metabolic Control in Photoperiodic Time Measurement and the Temporal Organization of Development and Behaviour in Plants.