White biotechnology, or industrial biotechnology as it is also known, refers to the use of living cells and/or their enzymes to create industrial products that are more easily degradable, require less energy, create less waste during production and sometimes perform better than products created using traditional chemical processes. Over the last decade considerable progress has been made in white biotechnology research, and further major scientific and technological breakthroughs are expected in the future. Fungi are ubiquitous in nature and have been sorted out from different habitats, including extreme environments (high temperature, low temperature, salinity and pH), and may be associated with plants (epiphytic, endophytic and rhizospheric). The fungal strains are beneficial as well as harmful for human beings. The beneficial fungal strains may play important roles in the agricultural, industrial, and medical sectors. The fungalstrains and their products (enzymes, bioactive compounds, and secondary metabolites) are very useful for industry (e.g., the discovery of penicillin from Penicillium chrysogenum). This discovery was a milestone in the development of white biotechnology as the industrial production of penicillin and antibiotics using fungi moved industrial biotechnology into the modern era, transforming it into a global industrial technology. Since then, white biotechnology has steadily developed and now plays a key role in several industrial sectors, providing both high value nutraceutical and pharmaceutical products. The fungal strains and bioactive compounds also play an important role in environmental cleaning. This volume covers the latest developments and research in white biotechnology with a focus on diversity and enzymes.

Autorentext
Dr. Ajar Nath Yadav is an Assistant Professor in Department of Biotechnology, Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Himachal Pradesh, India. He has 3 years of teaching and 9 years of research experience in the fields of Industrial Biotechnology, Microbial Biotechnology, Microbial Diversity, and Plant-Microbe-Interactions. Dr. Yadav obtained a doctorate degree in Microbial Biotechnology jointly from Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi and Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India; a M.Sc. (Biotechnology) from Bundelkhand University and a B.Sc. (CBZ) from University of Allahabad, India. He has produced  82 publications [31 Research papers, 7 Review articles, 26 Book chapters,  8 Popular articles, 7 Editorials, 2 Technical reports and 1 Patent] in different reputed international and national journals. Dr. Yadav has published 105 abstracts in different international and national conferences. He has presented 19 paper presentations in national and international conferences and got 10 best paper presentations Award and 1 Young Scientist Award (NASI-Swarna Jyanti Purskar). Presently, he is guiding 2 scholars for PhD degree and 1 for M.Sc. dissertations. Dr. Yadav and his group have developed a pioneering method for the screening of archaea for phosphorus solubilization. Dr. Yadav is editor/reviewer of different international journals including Nature-Scientific Reports, Microbial Ecology; Plos One, Frontier in Microbiology, Springer Plus, Annals of Microbiology, Journal of Basic Microbiology, Advance in Microbiology and Biotechnology. He has lifetime membership of Association of Microbiologist in India, Indian Science Congress Council, India and National Academy of Sciences, India.
Dr. Shashank Mishra is presently working as Scientist 'C', BiotechPark, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. He obtained his doctorate degree in Science Industrial Biotechnology from Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India, his M.Sc. (Biotechnology), from Barkatullah University, Bhopal and his B.Sc. (CBZ) from Dr. R.M.L. University, Faizabad, India. He has made pioneering contributions in the area of microbial biotechnology, natural product synthesis and environmental microbiology for food, pharmaceutical and human health. He has produced  18 publications [6 research papers, 2 review articles and 10 book chapters] in different reputed international and national journals. He has published 16 abstracts in different conferences and got 1 best poster presentation Award. He has a long-standing interest in teaching at the UG, PG and Ph.D. level and is involved in taking courses in industrial biotechnology, bioprocess engineering and technology, environmental biotechnology, environmental microbiology, industrial microbiology, microbial biotechnology and techniques in microbiology and biotechnology. He is reviewer in international journals including BMC Microbiology, Indian Phytopathology, PLOS One, Scientific Reports and Archive of Phytopathology and Plant Protection. He has the lifetime membership of Association of microbiologist of India.
Dr. Sangram Singh is an Associate Professor in Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad, India and has 11 years of teaching and 14 years of research experience in field of applied biochemistry. Dr. Singh obtained his Ph.D. Biochemistry and M.Sc. Biochemistry from Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad, India. Dr. Singh has published 34 National and International research papers and 1 book chapter. He has presented 9 papers in different National and International Symposia/ Seminars/ Conferences/ Workshops.
Dr. Arti Gupta is an Assistant Professor in Department of Biology, Sri Avadh Raj Singh Smarak Degree College, Bishunpur Bairiya, Gonda, India. Dr. Arti received her B.Sc.(CBZ) and M.Sc. in Biotechnology from Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, India. Dr. Gupta obtained her Ph.D. from Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, India. Dr. Gupta's current research interests are Animal Biotechnology, Molecular Plant Biotechnology, Molecular Animal Biotechnology, Bioprocess Technology, and Microbiology. Dr. Gupta has published 1 monograph, 21 National and International research papers. Dr. Gupta has been awarded with Gold Medal, M.Sc. (Biotech.), Young Scientist Award, 2 Poster Presenter awards, Fellowship Award awarded by International Consortium of Contemporary Biologist and Dr. V.P. Agarwal Gold Medal awarded. Dr. Arti has a lifetime membership of Indian Science Congress Association, Biotech Research Society of India, Zoological Society of India and International Consortium of Contemporary Biologist.

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Preface **Chapter 1 **Biodiversity of Fungi from Extreme Habitats and Its Industrials Applications

Laura Selbmann, University of Tuscia , Viterbo, Italy 

**Chapter 2 **Rhizospheric Fungi Isolated from Different Plants and Potential Applications in Diverse Sectors

Welington Luiz Araújo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,

**Chapter 3 **Endophytic Fungi from Different Niches with Potential Industrial Important

Kusam Lata Rana, Eternal University, India

**Chapter 4 **Marine Fungal White Biotechnology: An Ecological and Industrial Perspective

Lara D. Sette, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Rio Claro, Brazi

Chapter 5 Aspergillus: Biodiversity,** Ecological Significances and Industrial Applications

G. Perrone*, CNR, Bari, Italy*

 Chapter 6 Fusarium: Bio****diversity,** Ecological Significances and Industrial Applications

Neera, Defence Food Research Laboratory, India

Chapter 7 Penicillium: Bio****diversity, Ecological Significances and Industrial Applications

M. L. T. M. Polizeli, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil

**Chapter 8 **Trichoderma: Bio****diversity, Ecological Significances and Industrial Applications

Eleonora Cano Carmona, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil

**Chapter 9 ****Thermostable Enzymes from Fungi Isolated fr…