The papers in this book, illustating the present status of knowledge related to the vacuolar compartment of fungi and plants, were presented at an Advanced Research Workshop entitled "Plant Vacuoles. Their Importance in Plant Cell Compartmentation and their Applications in Biotechnology" held in Sophia-Antipolis, France, on July 6-11, 1986. The organizers were fortunate in being able to assemble representative leaders of all the above fields of research concerning this compartment. These scientists from all over the world were invited to present their latest results and to exchange views and plans for continued research in this highly exciting field, which is very important for the improving the industrial aspect of plant biotechnology related to the production of molecules with a high added value. To ensure maximal flexibility and opportunity for dicussion, the chairmen of the various sessions were asked to introduce their respective topics, after which they were given the freedom of organizing their sessions in a more or less improvised fashion, with brief presentations of relevant new information by participants following a schedule fixed relatively shortly before the workshop. This procedure proved to be highly successful, giving rise to most productive and stimulating discussions among the representatives of the various fields.
Inhalt
Overview of Recent Developments.- Vacuoles Today and Twenty Years Ago.- Problems o Methodology in Study of Plant Vacuoles and Tonoplast Vesicles.- Methodological and Other Aspects of Intact Mature Higher Plant Cell Vacuoles.- Properties of Vacuoles as a Function of the Isolation Procedure.- Highly Purified Tonoplast Fractions by Preparative Free-Flow Electrophoresis.- Analysis of Vacuolar Polypeptides from Barley Mesophyll by Immunoblotting.- A Hyperpolarization-activated K+ current in Isolated Vacuoles of Acer pseudoplatanus.- A Microcomputer-based System for the Recording and Analysis of Fluorescence Transients from Membrane Vesicles.- Some Basic Characteristics of Plant Vacuoles in Relation with the Different Events During the Plant Life.- Benefits and Costs of Vacuolation.- The Photosynthetic Potential and Growth of Photoautotrophic Cell Suspension Cultures from Chenopodium rubrum: A case study.- Vacuolar Accumulation of Organic Acids and their Anions in CAM Plants.- Osmotic Factors affecting the Mobilisation of Sucrose from Vacuoles of Red Beet Storage Root Tissue.- Distribution of Potassium between Vacuole and Cytoplasm in Response to Potassium Deficiency.- Vacuolar pH Level is related to Photosynthesis in Isolated Mesophyll Protoplasts of Melilotus alba.- The Tonoplast State of Knowledge Difficulties and Strategies of Its Study.- Understanding Tonoplast Function: Some Emerging Problems.- Analysis of the Electrical Fluctuations in Red Beet (Beta vulgaris L. ) Vacuoles.- Purification and Properties of ?-mannosidase from Vacuolar Membranes of Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.- Simultaneous Kinetic Measurements of Adenine-nucleotides in Isolated Vacuoles by HPLC Technique.- Comparison of Two Methods for the Isolation of Vacuoles in relation to Vacuolar ATPase Activity.- NBD-PC: A Tool to study Phospholipase Activity in Protoplasts.- Tonoplast Energization Relative Contribution of Different Proton Pumps to the Generation of Proton-Motive Force under the Conditions of Plant Life.- On the Existence of a Tonoplast-Bound ATPase.- A Third-category and a Fourth-category H+-phosphohydrolase at the Tonoplast.- Structure and Function of the Subunits of the Vacuolar Membrane H+-ATPase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.- Differential Susceptibilities of Tonoplast ATPase and PPase to Irreversible Inhibition by Chaotropic Anions.- Generation of a pH-gradient across the Tonoplast of Vacuoles isolated from Green Suspension Cells of Chenopodium rubrum.- Mg,ATP-dependent H+ Transport in Vacuoles and Tonoplast Vesicles from Acer pseudoplatanus Cells.- The Effects of Anions on PPi-dependent Proton Transport in Tonoplast Vesicles from Oat Roots.- Changes of Vacuolar and Cytoplasmic pH associated with the Activation of the H+-pump in Elodea leaves.- Inhibition of ATP-dependent Proton Pumping in Plant Tonoplast- and Plasmalemma-enriched Fractions by Mycochromone.- Different Types of Solute Transport across the Tonoplast.- Transport of Inorganic Ions in Tonoplast Vesicles.- Wash-activated Na+/H+ Exchange in Tonoplast Vesicles from Beta vulgaris Storage Root Disks.- Isolation of Tonoplast Vesicles from Kiwi fruit cells: Electrochemical Investigation of K+ and H+ membrane Transport linked to a Mg-ATP Hydrolytic Activity.- Some Characteristics of Tonoplast NO3-transport Processes on Acer pseudoplatanus L. Cells.- Active Transport of Amino-acids and Calcium Ions in Fungal Vacuoles.- ATP-dependent Uptake of Malate in Vacuoles from CAM Plant, Kalanchoe daigremontiana.- Proton-motive Force and H+/Amino-acid Antiport at the Tonoplast of Riccia fluitans rhizoid cells, revealed by direct probing with the pH-sensitive microelectrode.- Sugar Transport across the Tonoplast of Vacuoles Isolated from Protoplasts of Jerusalem artichoke Tubers.- Mg2+-ATP-dependent Glucose Transport in Tonoplast Vesicles of Normal and Agrobacterium tumefaciens-transformed tobacco cells.- Regulation of the UDP-glucose Group Translocator by some Cytoplasmic Components.- Preliminary Evidence for Solubilization of an Active Tonoplast-bound Vectorial Sucrose Synthesizing Enzyme Complex.- Specific Uptake of the N-oxides of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids by Cells, Protoplasts and Vacuoles from Senecio Cell Cultures.- Accumulation and Sequestration of Vacuolar Solutes.- Accumulation of Organic Solutes in Plant Vacuoles: The Interpretation of Data is not so easy.- Vacuole Function in Neurospora.- $$\Delta \overline \mu {{}_{{{{H}^{ + }}}}}$$-controlled Reversible Fluxes of H+ and Calcium at the tonoplast but Quasi-total Citrate Sequestration within the Intact Vacuoles from the Latex Cells of Hevea brasiliensis. Implications in the Production of Natural Rubber.- Ajmalicine Transport into Vacuoles Isolated from Catharathus roseus Cells.- Role of the Vacuole in Metal Ion Trapping as Studied by in vivo31P-NMR Spectroscopy.- Plant Cell Metabolism and Vacuolar Compartmentation.- Dynamics of Lysosomal Functions in Plant Vacuoles.- Protein Degradation in Vacuoles from Acer pseudoplatanus L. Cells.- Protease Activity in Oat Leaf Vacuoles.- Compartmentation of Glycosidases in a Light Vacuole Fraction from the Latex of Lactuca sativa L..- The possible Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum in the Biosynthesis and Transport of Anthocyanin Pigments.- Patch-clamp Studies on the Transport of Ions across the Membrane of Barley Vacuoles.- Intracellular Distribution of Organic and Inorganic Anions in Mesophyll Cells : Transport Mechanisms in the Tonoplast.- Vacuolar and Cytosolic Metabolite Pools by Comparative Fractionation of Vacuolate and Evacuolate Protoplasts.- Subcellular Localization of Primary and Second Cardiac Glycosides, and the related 16?-O-glucosyl-transferase in Cell Suspension Cultures of Digitalis lanata.- The Participation of Vacuoles in Transduction of Signals Regulating the Cytoplasmic Metabolism.- Tonoplast: the Controlling Site for the in vitro Transport in Developping Soybean Cotyledons.- The Vacuole in relation to Plant Growth Regulators.- Involvement of Vacuoles in Ethylene Metabolism in Plant Cells.- The Vacuole : Possible Role in Signal Transduction versus Cytoplasmic Homeostasis.- Transtonoplast pH Changes as a Signal for Activation of the Cytosolic Metabolism in Hevea Latex Cells in Response to Treatments with Ethrel (an Ethylene Releaser). Implications for the Production of a Secondary Metabolite: Naturel Rubber.- Production of Biochemicals (Secondary Metabolites and Enzymes Sequesterated in Vacuoles) by Plant Cell Cultures.- Production of Plant Secondary Metabolites by Plant Cell Cultures in relation to the Site and Mechanism of their Accumulation.- Production of Secondary …