Plant Biotechnology and Genetics

Focused on basics and processes, this textbook teaches plant biology and agriculture applications with summary and discussion questions in each chapter.

• Updates each chapter to reflect advances / changes since the first edition, for example: new biotechnology tools and advances, genomics and systems biology, intellectual property issues on DNA and patents, discussion of synthetic biology tools

• Features autobiographical essays from eminent scientists, providing insight into plant biotechnology and careers

• Has a companion website with color images from the book and PowerPoint slides

• Links with author's own website that contains teaching slides and graphics for professors and students: http://bit.ly/2CI3mjp

Autorentext
C. Neal Stewart, PhD, is Racheff Chair of Excellence in Plant Molecular Genetics and Professor, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee. In addition to the prior edition of Plant Biotechnology, he has written Weedy and Invasive Plant Genomics, Plant Transformation Technologies, and Research Ethics for Scientists: A Companion for Students, all published by Wiley.

Klappentext

Praise for the 1st Edition

"The editor [has] gathered the authors of this excellent book in order to 'inform and inspire'. Indeed, nearly every reader...can gain information on the practice of plant biotechnology and be inspired by the greatness of the scientists, inventors, and researchers whose important discoveries are highlighted."
The Quarterly Review of Biology, June 2009

Building on the success of its predecessor, Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, 2nd Edition explores contemporary techniques and applications of plant biotechnology to illustrate the tremendous potential for improving the food supply and changing our world. As an introductory text, its focus is on basic science and processes guiding students from plant biology and genetics to breeding to principles and applications of plant biotechnology. Core chapters examine the critical issues of patents and intellectual property and the controversies and consumer concerns over transgenic plants. This revised edition updates each chapter to reflect advances and changes since the first published, including advanced biotechnology tools, genomics and systems biology, intellectual property issues affecting DNA and patents, and plant synthetic biology.

Each chapter has been written by one or more leading practitioners in the field and then carefully edited to ensure thoroughness and consistency. The chapters are organized so that each one progressively builds upon the previous chapters. Questions set forth in each chapter help students deepen their understanding and facilitate classroom discussions.

Inspirational autobiographical essays, written by pioneers and eminent scientists in the field today, are interspersed throughout the text. Authors explain how they became involved in the field and offer a personal perspective on their contributions and the future of the field. A supplementary website offers full-color figures and PowerPoint slides that can be used in classroom presentations with other teaching aids available online.

This text is recommended for junior- and senior-level courses in plant biotechnology or plant genetics and for courses devoted to special topics at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. It is also an ideal reference for practitioners.

Inhalt

Foreword xvi

Contributors xviii

Preface xx

**1. The Impact of Biotechnology on Plant Agriculture 1
Graham Brookes

1.0 Chapter Summary and Objectives 1

1.0.1 Summary 1

1.0.2 Discussion Questions 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Cultivation of Biotechnology (GM) Crops 2

1.3 Why Farmers Use Biotech Crops 4

1.4 GM's Effects on Crop Production and Farming 7

1.5 How the Adoption of Plant Biotechnology has Impacted the Environment 8

1.5.1 Environmental Impacts from Changes in Insecticide and Herbicide Use 8

1.5.2 Impact on GHG Emissions 11

1.6 Conclusions 13

Life Box 1.1 Norman E. Borlaug 14

Life Box 1.2 Mary-Dell Chilton 15

Life Box 1.3 Robert T. Fraley 17

References 19

**2. Mendelian Genetics and Plant Reproduction 20
Matthew D. Halfhill and Suzanne I. Warwick

2.0 Chapter Summary and Objectives 20

2.0.1 Summary 20

2.0.2 Discussion Questions 20

2.1 Overview of Genetics 20

2.2 Mendelian Genetics 23

2.2.1 Law of Segregation 26

2.2.2 Law of Independent Assortment 26

2.3 Mitosis and Meiosis 27

2.3.1 Mitosis 29

2.3.2 Meiosis 29

2.3.3 Recombination 30

2.3.4 Cytogenetic Analysis 31

2.3.5 Mendelian Genetics and Biotechnology Summary 32

2.4 Plant Reproductive Biology 32

2.4.1 History of Research in Plant Reproduction 32

2.4.2 Mating Systems 32

2.4.3 Hybridization and Polyploidy 36

2.4.4 Mating Systems and Biotechnology Summary 38

2.5 Conclusion 38

Life Box 2.1 Richard A. Dixon 39

Life Box 2.2 Michael L. Arnold 40

References 42

**3. Plant Breeding 43
Nicholas A. Tinker and Elroy R. Cober

3.0 Chapter Summary and Objectives 43

3.0.1 Summary 43

3.0.2 Discussion Questions 43

3.1 Introduction 44

3.2 Central Concepts in Plant Breeding 45

3.2.1 Simple vs. Complex Inheritance 45

3.2.2 Phenotype vs. Genotype 46

3.2.3 Mating Systems, Varieties, Landraces, and Pure Lines 47

3.2.4 Other Topics in Population and Quantitative Genetics 49

3.2.5 The Value of a Plant Variety Depends on Many Traits 51

3.2.6 A Plant Variety Must Be Environmentally Adapted 51

3.2.7 Plant Breeding is a Numbers Game 52

3.2.8 Plant Breeding is an Iterative and Collaborative Process 52

3.2.9 Diversity, Adaptation, and Ideotypes 53

3.2.10 Other Considerations 56

3.3 Objectives in Plant Breeding 56

3.4 Methods of Plant Breeding 57

3.4.1 Methods of Hybridization 58

3.4.2 SelfPollinated Species 58

3.4.3 Outcrossing Species 63

3.4.4 Clonally Propagated Species 67

3.5 Breeding Enhancements 68

3.5.1 Doubled Haploidy 68

3.5.2 MarkerAssisted Selection 68

3.5.3 Mutation Breeding 70

3.5.4 Apomixis 71

3.6 Conclusions 71

Life Box 3.1 Gurdev Singh Khush 72

Life Box 3.2 P. Stephen Baenziger 74

Life Box 3.3 Steven D. Tanksley 75

References 77

**4. Plant Development and Physiology 78
Glenda E. Gillaspy

4.0 Chapter Summary and Objectives 78

4.0.1 Summary 78

4.0.2 Discussion Questions 78

4.1 Plant Anatomy and Morphology 79

4.2 Embryogenesis and Seed Germination 80

4.2.1 Gametogenesis 80

4.2.2 Fertilization 82

4.2.3 Fruit Development 83

4.2.4 Embryogenesis 83

4.2.5 Seed Germination 85

4.2.6 Photomorphogenesis 85

4.3 Meristems 86

4.3.1 Shoot Apical Meristem 86

4.3.2 Root Apical Meristem and Root Development 88 4.4 Leaf Development ...