This book is an astounding collaboration between Papua New Guinea authors and researchers from the former colonizing country. The early chapters set the scene and captivate the reader. An account of the technologies and mathematical activities associated with the cultures that have survived for tens of thousands of years, unknown to Europe or the Middle East, are brought to life through cameos from the authors and others. This book is indeed a unique record of these mathematical activities drawing on current practices, oral histories, and many different disciplines. The main argument of the book leaps out at the reader in author Charly Muke's words in chapter 2 and extended by author Patricia Paraide in the following chapter. The authors are audacious in explaining the demise of these mathematical knowledges through colonisation and neocolonism fostered by overseas funding and educated Papua New Guineans. Papua New Guinea's multicultural society with relatively recent contact with Europe provides a condensed exemplification of changes in mathematics education in a country with both a colonial history and a coup-less transition to independence. The following chapters provide both an historical outline and an analysis of the changes. This recently independent country has produced some ground-breaking research in mathematics and mathematics education. Discussion focuses on specific areas of mathematics education that have been impacted by policies, research, nationalism and national identity, colonialism and neocolonialism, world wars and other circumstances with particular emphasis on pressures on education in the last one and half centuries. This volume is one of the few studies of this kind in the education research literature as an in-depth record and critique of how school mathematics has changed in Papua New Guinea from the late 1800s. This book will be a useful addition to graduate programs and mathematics and STEM education courses. It enhances scholarship in the history of mathematics, sociology of education and studies of ethnomathematics as well as the interdisciplinary fields of transcultural studies, religion and society, globalization and neocolonialism, post / decolonialism, applied linguistics and language studies, gender studies, educational administration and policy, and teacher education.

• Offers a unique and comprehensive contribution to education research literature as an in-depth record and critique of how school mathematics has developed in Papua New Guinea.
• Provides an analysis of the technologies and mathematics of the many continuing PNG cultures that began tens of thousands of years ago.
• Highlights the development of mathematics education in a country with both a colonial history and a coup-less transition to independence.
• Focuses on specific areas of mathematics education that have been impacted by policies, research, and global influences.
• Complements graduate studies and research in mathematics education and history of mathematics, as well as interdisciplinary fields of cross cultural studies, language studies, educational administration and policy, technology education, and teacher education.

Autorentext

Patricia Paraide is an associate professor in Education Research at Divine Word University. She received her PhD at Deakin University in 2009. She has published a number of papers on education in Papua New Guinea, including mathematics education, and has presented at several conferences internationally. Her expertise and interests include language and linguistics, literacy across the lifespan, and education and indigenous knowledge.

Kay Owens began her teaching career as a mathematics and health education secondary teacher in Australia before moving to Papua New Guinea for 15 years with her partner Chris Owens. She taught mathematics at the Papua New Guinea University of Technology and taught, as Head of Department, health education and education at Balob Teachers College. On returning to Australia, she taught mathematics education at the now Western Sydney University for 15 years before moving to be with family in Dubbo to Charles Sturt University for 14 years. She was Vice-President (Publications) for the Mathematics Education Research Group of Australasia and held numerous positions in State and regional professional groups. She is a 35 year Member of Australian College of Educators following her work in PNG, and assists with mathematics and environmental associations. During her years in Australia she has continued to work with Papua New Guinea colleagues in joint research projects on ecocultural mathematics and mathematics education. She has numerous published papers and two of her books focus on Papua New Guinea-Visuospatial Reasoning: An Ecocultural Perspective for Space, Geometry and Measurement Education and History of Number: Evidence from Papua New Guinea and Oceania. Before joining Australian Catholic University, Emeritus Professor Philip Clarkson for nearly five years was Director of a Research Centre at the Papua New Guinea University of Technology. During this time, he carried out research into language and mathematics education and is well known internationally for this work; Charly Muke became one of his doctoral students. Prior to that Philip was at Monash University and tertiary colleges in Melbourne. He began his professional life as a teacher of chemistry, environmental science, mathematics and physical education in secondary schools. Philip Clarkson has led major consultancies and ARC research projects, was President, Secretary and Vice President (Publications) of the Mathematics Education Research Group of Australasia, foundation editor of Mathematics Education Research Journal, served on various editorial boards of both professional and research journals, and published widely. He continues to supervise research students, speak at various international conferences both in mathematics and science education, gives workshops for teachers and publishes regularly.

Charly Muke began his studies in mathematics and mathematics education at the University of Papua New Guinea. He was a mathematics teacher for many years before taking up a position at the University of Goroka and then a teaching position at St Theresa's College, Abergowrie, QLD, Australia. He received a Bachelor of Education (secondary mathematics teaching) and a research Masters qualification from Waikato University, New Zealand, for his work on his Mid-Wahgi counting system and he is co-author of a chapter in the book History of Number: Evidence from Papua New Guinea and Oceania. He completed his PhD aimed at identifying the role of local language in teaching through code-switching while it was used as a resource to teach mathematics in English in grade 3, the bridging class starting primary education in Papua New Guinea schools. He set up a library foundation in Jiwaka Province and continues to support the schools and education system in that Province bringing crates of books to the schools from his Australian contacts. He was also involved with Elementary Schools mathematics in the Province bringing workshops to teachers and providing the teachers with computers with the professional inservice materials. This was part of an Australian Development Research Award with co-investigators Kay Owens and Vagi Bino from University of Goroka and others.

Chris Owens carried out research at the University of Sydney in physical chemistry and analytical chemistry at the University of NSW. In 1973 he began his 15 years working at the PNG University of Technology in Lae rising to Acting Head in the Department of Chemical Technology. During his time in PNG, he completed an MSc in Chemical Education from the University of East Anglia, UK and a BEdStud(P/G) from the University of Queensland. Returning to Sydney in 1988 he accepted a lectureship in the Faculty of Science, Food and Horticulture at the now West…