The International Society on Oxygen Transport to Tissue (ISOTT) was founded in 1973 "to facilitate the exchange of scientific information among those interested in any aspect of the transport and/or utilization of oxygen in tissues". Its members span virtually all disciplines, ex tending from various branches of clinical medicine such as anesthesiology, ophthalmology and surgery through the basic medical sciences of physiology and biochemistry to the physical sciences and engineering. The fifteenth annual meeting of ISOTT was held in 1987 for three days, from July 22 to 24, at Hokkaido University in Sapporo, Japan. Previously, all ISOTT meetings had been held in Europe or the USA alternatively. This time, however, the meeting was held for the first time in an Asian country. When we first started preparing for this meeting some of our members were afraid that the number of those attending would not exceed '30. Fortunately the results were quite different. We had more than 60 participants from abroad and an even greater number from Japan. In addition to three special lectures and two symposia there were a total of 88 posters presented over the three days of the meeting. These covered all aspects of physiological oxygen transport including convection, diffusion, chemical reaction, and control of oxygen demand in blood and various tissues as well as the methods, models and instrumentation for their study. The 92 papers which comprise this volume encompass all of these areas.
Inhalt
Mathematical Models.- Coupling of Hemodynamics to Diffusional Oxygen Mass Transport.- Fractal Analysis of Blood-Tissue Exchange Kinetics.- A Graphical Analysis of the Influence of Red Cell Transit Time, Carrier-Free Layer Thickness, and Intracellular PO2 on Blood-Tissue O2 Transport.- Effects of Physiological Factors on Oxygen Transport in an In Vitro Capillary System.- In Vivo Comparison of Non-Gaseous Metabolite and Oxygen Transport in the Heart.- Role of Diffusion Shunt in Transfer of Inert Gases and O2 in Muscle.- Diffusion Pathway of Oxygen in Ox Lung.- Oxygen Delivery to Tissue: Calculation of Oxygen Gradients in the Cardiac Cell.- Three Dimensional Reconstruction of Branched Tree Structures from Serial Sections.- Mathematical Analysis of Network Topology in the Cerebrocortical Microvasculature.- Analysis of Oxygen Delivery to Tissue by Microvascular Networks.- Oxygen Transport to Tissue during Recurrent Blood Flow Supply by Grouped Capillaries in Skeletal Muscle with or without Facilitated Diffusion.- A Model for Transmembrane Oxygen Flux by Dipole Oscillation and for Superoxide Extrusion by Phagocytic Cells.- Molecular Models.- Factors Modulating the Oxygen Dependence of Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation.- The Cytosolic Redox is Coupled to V?O2. A Working Hypothesis.- Patterns of O2-Dependence of Metabolism.- Transducing Chemical Energy into Mechanical Function: A Comparative View.- Liver Organelle Changes on Exposure to Hypoxia.- Control of Non-Respiratory Metabolism by Tissue Oxygen.- Methods and Instrumentation.- Blood Gas Analysis Using Fluorescence and Absorption Indicators in Optical Sensors (Optodes) with Integrated Excitation and Fluorescence Detection on Semiconductor Basis.- Methods of Quantitating Cerebral Near Infrared Spectroscopy Data.- Computed Point Spread Functions for Light in Tissue Using a Measured Volume Scattering Function.- Temperature Dependence of Enzyme Optodes as Exemplified by the Glucose Optode.- A Simple Fibre Optic Apparatus for Measurement of the Oxy-Haemoglobin Binding Isotherm.- Absorbance Profile of Red Blood Cell Suspension In Vitro and In Situ.- Estimation of the Transfer Coefficients of Oxygen and Carbon Monoxide in the Boundary of Human and Chicken Red Blood Cells by a Microphotometric Method.- Color Analysis Method for Studying Oxygen Transport in Hemoglobin Solutions Using an Image-Input and -Processing System.- Clinical Evaluation of Continuous Venous Oxygen Saturation Monitoring during Anesthesia.- Continuous Measurement of Oxygen Delivery and Oxygen Consumption in Awake Live Animals.- Estimation of the Oxygen Transport to Tissues from an In Vitro Measurement of Whole Blood Passage Time and Venous Blood PO2 in Diabetics.- Oxygen Tension Measurements using an Oxygen Polarographic Electrode Sealed in an Implantable Silastic Tonometer: A New Technique.- Tissue Oxygen Uptake from the Atmosphere by a New, Noninvasive Polarographic Technique with Application to Corneal Metabolism.- Oxygen Reaction Vessels.- Hemoglobin Oxygen Affinity.- Comparison between P50 Measured by Automatic Analyzer on Microsamples in Buffer Solution and by Tonometric Method on Whole Blood.- Influences of Carbon Monoxide on the Binding of Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Proton and 2, 3-Diphosphoglycerate to Human Hemoglobin.- Evidence that Changes in Blood Oxygen Affinity Modulate Oxygen Delivery: Implications for Control of Tissue PO2 Gradients.- Effects of High O2 Affinity of Blood on Oxygen Consumption (V?O2) of Dog Gracilis Muscle at Varying O2 Delivery.- Effects of Differences of Oxygen Affinity on Circulatory Response to Hypoxia.- Increased Ventilatory Response to Acute Hypoxia with High Hb-O2 Affinity Induced by Na-Cyanate Treatment in the Rat.- Pharmacological Effects on Hemoglobin-Oxygen Affinity In Vitro and in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.- Central Nervous System.- Measurement of Rat Brain Spectra.- The Simultaneous Measurements of Tissue Oxygen Concentration and Energy State by Near-Infrared and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.- Fiber Optic Surface Fluorometry/Reflectometry and 31-P-NMR for Monitoring the Intracellular Energy State In Vivo.- The Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen on Cerebral Hemoglobin Oxygenation and Dissociation Rate of Carboxy-hemoglobin in Anesthetized Rats: Spectroscopic Approach.- Brain Tissue Temperature: Activation-Induced Changes Determined with a New Multisensor Probe.- Active and Basal Cerebrometabolic Rate for Oxygen (CMRO2) after Complete Global Brain Ischemia in Rats.- Autoregulation of Intracellular PO2 in Aplysia Giant Neurons and Response of Neuronal Activity following Changes in Extracellular PO2.- Brain Protection against Oxygen Deficiency by Nizofenone.- The Influence of the Calcium Antagonists Flunarizine and Verapamil on Cerebral Blood Flow and Oxygen Tension of Anesthetized WFS-Rats.- Cardiovascular System.- Ventricular Systolic Pressure-Volume Area (PVA) and Contractile State (Emax) Determine Myocardial Oxygen Demand.- Cardiac Metabolism as an Indicator of Oxygen Supply/Demand Ratio.- The Different Contributions of Coronary Blood Flow to Changes in Myocardial Oxygen Consumption between Excised and In Situ Canine Hearts.- Myocardial Capillary Flow Pattern as Determined by the Method of Coloured Microspheres.- Improving Cardiocirculatory Parameters and Oxygen Transport Capacity by Shifting the pH to the Alkaline Side.- Myocardial Oxygen Tension during Left Ventricular Bypass.- Myocardial Oxygen Tensions during Ischaemia in Fluorocarbon Diluted Pigs.- The Influence of Oxygen Tension on Membrane Potential and Tone of Canine Carotid Artery Smooth Muscle.- Respiratory System.- Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity for Carbon Monoxide and Nitric Oxide.- Relationship between Alveolar-Arterial PO2 and PCO2 Differences and the Contact Time in the Lung Capillary.- Relationship between Cardiorespiratory Dynamics and Maximal Aerobic Capacity in Exercising Men.- Oxygen Uptake and Surfactant Replacement.- Non-Invasive Pulse Oximetry during Lung Lavage.- Effects of Combined Resistive Loading on the Respiratory Pattern and the Subject's Perception.- Effects of Dopamine and Dobutamine on Hemodynamics and Oxygen Transport in Dogs with Pulmonary Embolism.- Home Oxygen Therapy.- Can Blood Gas Analysis Indicate When Mechanical Ventilation Should Start in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction?.- A Study of Oxygen Therapy in Patients with Chronic Respiratory Failure.- Other Organs and Tissues.- Ery…