This volume constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Optimization and Data Science in Industrial Engineering, ODSIE 2024, held in Istanbul, Turkey, during November 7-8, 2024. The 25 full papers and 1 short paper included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 92 submissions. They were organized into topics such as : Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems in Engineering; Digital Technologies in Healthcare Systems; Smart Supply Chain and Manufacturing Systems; Smart Transportation and Logistics Systems; Data Analytics and Advanced Optimization; and Internet and Mobile Technologies.