Observation and Experiment in the Natural and Social Sciences

This volume is a contribution to the ongoing debate on the distinction between a 'context of justification' and a 'context of discovery'. It is meant for researchers and advanced students in philosophy of science, and for natural and social scientists interested in foundational topics. Spanning a wide range of disciplines, it combines the viewpoint of philosophers and scientists and casts a new interdisciplinary perspective on the problem of observation and experimentation.

Inhalt

Foreword; M.C. Galavotti. From Theory to Experiment and Back Again; P. Suppes. Naïve Probability; P. Legrenzi. From Theory to Experiments and Back Again... and Back Again... Comments on Patrick Suppes; L. Szabó. Emergence and Future of Experimental Economics; R. Selten. Rationality in Experimental Economics: An Analysis of Reinhard Selten's Approach; W. Gonzalez. Experiments, Heuristics and Social Diversity: A Comment on Reinhard Selten; R. Scazzieri. Where Do New Ideas Come From? A Heuristics of Discovery in the Cognitive Sciences; G. Gigerenzer. Comments on Gerd Gigerenzer; D. Papineau. On the Concept of Discovery. Comments on Gerd Gigerenzer; J. Peijnenburg. Styles of Experimentation; U. Klein. On French Concepts and Objects. Comments on Ursula Klein; A. Baltas. Some Comments on 'Styles of Experimentation' by Ursula Klein; D. Gillies. Improving 'Styles of Experimentation'. A Comment on Ursula Klein; G. Irzik. Experiments and Thought Experiments in Natural Science; D. Atkinson. The Advantage of Theft over Honest Toil. Comments on David Atkinson; D. Andler. Thinking About Thought Experiments in Physics. Comment on 'Experiments and Thought Experiments in Natural Science'; M. Rédei. The Dynamics of Thought Experiments. A Comment on David Atkinson; M. Stöltzner. An Attempt at a Philosophy of Experiment; G. Hon. An Attempt at a Philosophy of Experimental Error. A Comment on Giora Hon; R. Campaner. 0 Happy Error. A Comment on Giora Hon; G. Wolters. Bayesian Evidence; C. Howson. On Bayesian Logic. Comments on Colin Howson; I.E.J. Douven. On Bayesian Induction (and Pythagoric Arithmetic); P.Garbolino. Probability and Logic. Comments on Colin Howson; I. Niiniluoto. Index of Names.