Nanotechnology is rapidly growing as a new technology alternative to creating advanced materials with unique characteristics and performance for vast applications in the range of industrial sectors. In recent years, a number of nanotechnology-based products have appeared in our day-to-day life. On the other hand, industries have also considered nano-concepts to produce high-added-value products with superior capacity, reliability, and efficiency. The field of nanotechnology is one of the most popular areas for current research and development in almost all technical disciplines. This includes the miniaturization of microelectronics, nanomedicine, nano-emulsion particles, fuel cell catalysts, self-assembled polymer films, nanofabrication, imprint lithography, and more. This book summarizes recent advances in miniaturization using a nanotechnological approach. The ability to interact with matter at the nanoscale has led to the development of nanoarchitecture and nanomaterials that have the capability of exceeding the limits of conventional modalities. The purpose of this book is to give an insight into the development and trends that are progressing fast in the field of nano-miniaturized-based devices and tools.

This book offers an overview of the evolution of the miniaturization of engineering systems and devices that was initiated over one-half century ago. The trend of further miniaturization of devices to the ultimate atomic scale will not only continue, it will become a dominant technological development in the first half of the new century, if not longer. Such development will require significant changes in every aspect of design and manufacture, as well as production management over traditional engineering practices. Production of miniaturized device components and engineering systems of micro- and nanoscale is clearly beyond the capability of current machine tools. Manufacturing of nano-scaled devices and components involves isolation, transportation, and re-assembly of atoms and molecules. This nanomachining technology involves not only physical-chemical processes as in the case of microfabrication, but it also involves application and integration of the principles of molecular biology.

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Sudheesh K. Shukla, PhD works in the area of translational research and innovation along with the development of bioelectronics devices for disease alert and disorder with a major focus on inter- facing the chemistry (material science) and engineering for better healthcare (biology) and environmental applications. Currently, Dr. Shukla's research involves real-sample analysis of biochemical markers for personalized healthcare monitoring. In particular, Dr. Shukla is interested in integrating biomaterials with micro- and nanosystems for sensing and actuation technologies. Dr. Shukla is the author of numerous articles in peer-reviewed journals and as well a prolific author and editor of several scientific monographs in healthcare and environmental disciplines published by Springer, ACS, RSC, John Wiley & Sons, and Elsevier. Dr. Shukla serves as an editor/editorial board member of several international peer-reviewed journals like Chemosensor, Sensor International, Coronavirus, Reports in Electrochemistry, Chemistry Africa, Topic in Catalysis and Chemical Physics Impact, etc. Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain, PhD, is an adjunct professor and director of laboratories in the Department of Chemistry & Environmental Sciences at the New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT), Newark, New Jersey, United States. His research is focused on the applications of nanotechnology and advanced materials, environmental management, analytical chemistry, and other various industries. Dr. Hussain is the author of numerous papers in peer-reviewed journals as well as a prolific author and editor of around One hundred and fifty (150) books, including scientific monographs and handbooks in his research areas. He has published with ELSEVIER, the American Chemical Society, the Royal Society of Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, CRC Press, and Springer.

Dr. Meenakshi working in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology toward device development. Dr. Meenakshi has always pursued the translation of her scientific research findings into products for common purposes. The multidisciplinary research approach of Dr. Meenakshi blends the applied & modern techniques with an engineering approach for the design of next-generation nano biomaterials for healthcare and energy applications. Her research interest often dwells in several scientific disciplines, which have been credited with high-repute publications.

Dr. Santanu Patra is working in the field of materials chemistry, specializing in the integration of functional materials with macro-, micro-, and nano-systems. His research area focused on cutting-edge technologies related to molecularly imprinted nanotechnology and electrochemistry. Dr. Patra is associated with the Technical University of Denmark where he is continuing his research on multifaceted nanotechnological approaches for novel sensing and energy harvesting technologies for healthcare applications. He has authored or co-authored more than 50 research/review articles and book chapters along with two patents. He has served/serving as editor/editorial board member for several journals like Sensing Technology (Taylor & Francis), Chemosensors and Separation (MDPI), Frontiers in Chemistry, Frontiers in Nanotechnology, Frontiers in Medical Technology and Frontiers in Chemical Engineering (Frontiers), Coronaviruses (Bentham Publications), etc., besides he is also editing six books with reputed publishers.

Dr. Bindu Mangla, working as Associate Professor in the department of Chemistry at J C Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA, Faridabad, India, has vast teaching experience of 17 years at various levels of UG and PG. She has keen research interest in area of Corrosion Science, Material Chemistry, Nanotechnology and Biochemistry with number of quality research papers to her credit. Dr Mangla has presented papers and chaired sessions at national and international conferences. She has delivered number of invited talks. She is on reviewer panel of journals of repute. She has supervised more than 40 MSc Dissertations and many PhDs. She is faculty coordinator of ACS International Student Chapter at the University.