The aim of this book is to review the latest findings on musculoskeletal disease associated with diabetes. It has been increasingly recognized that maintaining skeletal health is an important factor in achieving longevity in healthy subjects. Diabetes has been established as a disease independently associated with sarcopenia and increased risk of bone fracture resulting from osteoporosis; therefore, it is reasonable to maintain that musculoskeletal health is important in preserving good health. As either bone or muscle is intimately involved in the regulation of metabolic status, keeping the musculoskeletal system healthy is important for improving abnormal glucose metabolism toward normal levels and is vital, as well, for maintaining normal activities of daily living. Muscle is a target of insulin for enhancing the entry of glucose; thus it is conceivable that sarcopenia and muscle containing fat streaks causes insulin resistance in diabetic patients. Furthermore, bone is an organ that regulates Ca and Pi levels in serum by releasing or resorbing Ca and Pi to and from bone tissue. It is now known that bone is a definitive endocrine organ for regulating glucose metabolism and Pi metabolism by secreting osteocalcin and FGF-23 from osteocytes/osteoblasts. Readers will learn of the recent findings in this area, and this book will benefit physicians who deal with diabetes, particularly orthopedists and bone specialists, as well as all physical therapists.

Autorentext

Masaaki Inaba MD Ph.D.

A professor of Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine.

Inhalt

Part I. Bone Diseases.-

1. Bone Disease Associated with Diabetes Mellitus: Particularly Focusing on its Contribution to the Development of Atherosclerosis.- 2. Various Kinds of Bone Disease in Diabetes - Rheumatic Conditions.- 3. Fracture Risk in Diabetes.- 4. Mechanism for the Development of Bone Disease in Diabetes: Abnormal Glucose Metabolism.- 5. Mechanism for the Development of Bone Disease in Diabetes: Increased Oxidative Stress and Advanced Glycation end Products.- 6. Mechanism for the Development of Bone Disease in Diabetes: Renal Bone Disease.- 7. Impaired Parathyroid Function and Bone Formation-A Risk for Development of Adynamic Bone Disease to Enhance Vascular Calcification.- 8. Bone as an Endocrine Organ: Diabetic Bone Disease as a Cause of Endocrine Disorder via Osteocalcin, FGF23 Secreted from Osteocyte/Osteoblast.-

Part II. Muscle Diseases.-

9. Overview.- 10. Mechanism of Skeletal Muscle Contraction: Intracellular Signaling in Skeletal Muscle Contraction.- 11. Mechanism of Skeletal Muscle Contraction: Role of Mechanical Muscle Contraction in Glucose Homeostasis.- 12. Ectopic Fat Accumulation and Glucose Homeostasis: Ectopic Fat Accumulation in Muscle.- 13. Ectopic Fat Accumulation in the Liver and Glucose Homeostasis.- 14. Ectopic Fat Accumulation and Glucose Homeostasis: Role of Leptin in Glucose and Lipid Metabolism and Mass Maintenance in Skeletal Muscle.- 15. Evaluation of Insulin Resistance in Diabetes: Standard Protocol for a Euglycemic-Hyperinsulinemic Clamp Using an Artificial Pancreas.- 16. Sarcopenia in Diabetes Mellitus.- 17. Body Temperature Regulation during Exercise Training.- 18. Clinical Application of Exercise Therapy in Diabetes.- 19. Clinical Application of Exercise Therapy in Diabetes with Chronic Kidney Disease.