This work is to compile our current knowledge on GY phytoplasma biology at the genomic, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics level, as well as to summarize the approaches for their detection.Phytoplasma are the most poorly characterized plant pathogenic bacteria from the Mollicutes class. In recent years new biostatistics and bioinformatics approaches have improved our understanding of their biology and interactions with host grapevines and a great improvement has been made toward their molecular detection, both in laboratories and on-site. They have a broad range of plant hosts among the monocots and dicots, and diseases of many important crops are associated with these pathogens. At least ten taxonomically unrelated phytoplasmas, one of them a quarantine pest in Europe, have been associated with grapevine yellows diseases (GY), which have great economic impact on viticulture worldwide.

Autorentext
Prof. Marina Dermastia, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, SloveniaDr. Nataa Mehle, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljiana, SloveniaFiona Constable Ph.D., Biosciences Research Division, Bundoora, AustraliaProf. Assunta Bertaccini, University of Bologna, Plant Pathalogy, Bologna, Italy

Inhalt
 
Phytoplasmas dangerous and intriguing bacteria.- Worldwide distribution and identification of    grapevine yellows diseases.- Grapevine yellows phytoplasmas in Europe.- Grapevine yellows phytoplasmas in America.- Grapevine yellows phytoplasmas in Africa.- Ggrapevine yellows phytoplasmas in Australia.- Interactions between grapevines and grapevine yellows phytoplasmas BNp and FDp.- How phytoplasmas interact with their hosts, based on analysis of their genomes.- Pre-symptomatic grapevine responses to grapevine yellows phytoplasma infection.- Ultrastructure of phloem infected with grapevine yellows phytoplasmas.- Infection of grapevine with grapevine yellows phytoplasmas affects photosynthesis.- Grapevine yellows phytoplasma infection is associated with prominent changes in carbohydrate metabolism.- Grapevine yellows phytoplasma infection affects the plant-energy-associated network.- Changed concentrations of amino acids in infected vein-enriched grapevine samples.- Changes in the flavonoid pathway in grapevineyellows phytoplasma infected grapevines.- Induced salicylic-acid-dependent systemic acquired resistance in grapevines infected with grapevine yellows phytoplasmas.- The recovery and oxidative-stress phenomena.- Detection of phytoplasmas associated to grapevine yellows diseases in research and diagnostics.- Biological tests.- Microscopy techniques.- Immunological approaches.- Molecular approaches .- Step-by-step routine detection of grapevine yellows phytoplasmas