2-D and 3-D anal ultrasound are among the most recent and advanced tools available for both the diagnosis and the management of anorectal diseases. They are neither expensive nor harmful for the patients and progressively replaced anal mapping with EMG electrodes for the diagnosis of sphincter's defects and anismus, which represents nearly 50% of the cases of chronic constipation. Anal US may provide the clinician with useful information for both classification, diagnosis and management of anorectal sepsis, anal incontinence and anorectal-perineal chronic pain. Almost any case presented in this Atlas shows both imaging and clinical pictures, thus allowing both the radiologist and the clinician to assess the reliability of the exam and the outcome of the selected treatment

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Chapter 1 SURGEON PERFORMED ULTRASOUND IN PROCTOLOGICAL PRACTICE: AN OVERVIEW.- Introduction.- Ultrasound in Perianal Abscess and Fistula-in-Ano.- Ultrasound Assessment of Fecal Incontinence .- Endoanal,Transvaginal and Dynamic Transperineal.- Endosonography in Functional Bowel Disorders.-Chapter 2 CLINICAL USE OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL ENDOANAL AND TRANSVAGINAL SONOGRAPHY.- Introduction.- Normal Anatomy (Endoanal and Transvaginal).- Anal Sepsis**.-** Crohn's Disease**.-** Fecal Incontinence.- Trauma.- Following STARR Procedure.- Fecal Incontinence and Rectal Prolapse.- Postsurgical Miscellanea.-Evacuatory Disorders.- Congenital Conditions.- Anal Fissure.- Proctalgia.- R****eferences.- Chapter 3 THREE-DIMENSIONAL ENDOANAL ULTRASOUND IN BENIGN PROCTOLOGICAL PRACTICE.- **Introduction.-**Normal Anatomy.- Fecal Incontinence.- Anal Fistula and Abscess.- Constipation and Proctalgia **.- Chapter 4 STATIC AND DYNAMIC TRANSPERINEAL SONOGRAPHY IN BENIGN PROCTOLOGY.- Introduction.- Normal Anatomy.- Fecal Incontinence.- Anal Fistula.- Recto-Vaginal Fistula.- Transperineal Ultrasound in Evacuatory Dysfunction.- Rectoanal Intussusception.- Enterocele.- Peritoneocele Rectal Prolapse Rectocele.- Evacuatory Block Due to Extra-Rectal Mass.- Familial Hypertrophic Internal Sphincter Imperforate Anus. **