Investigations of atmospheric pollution have recently reached a new stage. In addition to the estimation and the monitoring of pollutant concentrations in the air around their sources, by way of observational data and also by calcu­ lations on the basis of theoretical research, it is now possible to make short­ term forecasts of air pollution and to use them to regulate industrial emissions. Many countries are interested in such forecasts. In the Soviet Union the organizations of the State Committee of the USSR for Hydrometeorology (Goskomgidromet) are carrying out a wide-scale scientific programme on the devising of methods to forecast atmospheric pollution. Prognostic groups are organized in territorial hydrometeocenters; in essence a new forecasting service has been established. Nowadays, in more than 200 towns of the USSR predictions are made and transmitted to large enterprises for the purpose of taking the necessary steps to preserve air qua­ lity. To ensure an operative working of this service, Methodological Instruc­ (1979) have been issued, as well as other instructions and guides. Wide­ tions scale verifications of proposed calculating methods have been made. Prob­ lems of forecasting and regulating air pollution have become evident lately in other countries as well. Much attention to these problems is payed by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). They have been widely dis­ cussed in a number of international conferences and meetings for modelling and investigating pollutant distribution in the atmosphere. The number of publications on this subject is rapidly increasing.

Inhalt

1. Criteria of atmospheric air pollution hazards and their application in forecasting.- 2. Physical principles of air pollution forecasting.- 3. Anomalously hazardous conditions of pollutant diffusion.- 4. Numerical methods of air pollution forecasting.- 5. Correlations between air pollution and meteorological conditions.- 6. Statistical methods of air pollution forecasting.- 7. Forecasting of unfavourable meteorological conditions.- 8. Allowance for urban microclimate in forecasting unfavourable meteorological conditions.- 9. Regulation of emissions into the atmosphere.- 10. Effectiveness of forecasts and further problems.- References.