This book studies and disaggregates the "crisis of the suburbs" in Paris through the stories of inhabitants in 4000sud: a French suburban neighborhood. These stories have become pressing in the aftermath of the recent wave of terrorist attacks in France. The French banlieues are some of the most prominent and infamous examples of urban neighborhoods affected by vandalism, rioting, criminality and chronic poverty. Based on extensive ethnographic research, the book explores the making of the French suburban crisis as constituted both externally (by state actors) and internally, by young people at the street corner. It reveals how the French state's understanding of banlieue violence, and subsequent policy measures, contribute to the creation and hardening of boundaries between "us" and "them". The book takes the reader on a journey from the city center of Paris to the heart of neighborhood 4000sud. It unveils how young suburban residents try to cope simultaneously with the negative images imposed on them from the outside, and the disciplinary expectations of their peers on the street. In search for identity and dignity they navigate life through diverging strategies: they escape the neighborhood, contest stereotypical images through (violent) protest, or confirm and act out the image of "gangster from the ghetto". Drawing on Urban Sociology, Human Geography, and Cultural Anthropology, this book offers new analytical vocabularies to understand the connections between place-making processes, social identity dynamics and violent performances. The book is written for a broad audience of students, scholars and policy makers interested in contemporary (sub)urban violence in Europe.

Autorentext
Luuk Slooter is Assistant Professor in Conflict Studies at the History Department and the Centre for Global Challenges at Utrecht University, the Netherlands. In December 2015 he completed his PhD at Utrecht University and l'École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales in Paris. Until 2017, he was Assistant Professor at the Centre for International Conflict Analysis and Management (Radboud University, Nijmegen), where he taught courses on terrorism, urban violence, and security policies.

Inhalt

Acknowledgments

Chapter 1 Introduction

The French case: a European exception?

Reified images of the banlieue and its young inhabitants Beyond the dichotomy of 'outside clichés versus inside reality'

A journey from Paris to the cité, a dialogue between theory and empirical data

Chapter 2 The Making of the Suburban Crisis by State Actors:

A Journey through the Decades Seen from Paris City Centre Preparing the analysis: frames, practices and violence

Governmentality: frames and practices of governance

Violent events as turning points of founding phases

The changing governing frames and practices in four phases Phase 1: 1950-70s from newly constructed sunny apartments to segregated stressed inhabitants

Phase 2: 1981 rodéos in Les Minguettes

Phase 3: 1990 Vaulx-en-Velin/Mas du Taureau

Phase 4: 2005 Clichy-sous-Bois and beyond Conclusion

Chapter 3 Ethnographic Research: Discovery of the 'Field':

Walking from the RER Station into the Heart of Cité 4000sud

Exploring ethnography Discovery of the 'field'

Doing ethnography

Data collection: participant observation, interviews, neighbourhood mapping Trust and tensions

The 'zoo': observing and the observee

Obstacles and golden rules?

A fly on the wall? Conclusion

Chapter 4 The Internal Place-Making Process: