Molecular Techniques in the Microbial Ecology of Fermented Foods

Thanks to the application of methods allowing precise imaging of microbial ecology, the field of food fermentation has experienced exponential growth in the last few years. This has resulted in the availability of new information on the structure and dynamics of the microbial populations during fermented food production.

Molecular Methods and Microbial Ecology of Fermented Foods presents the latest findings in microbial ecology as determined by the application of molecular methods, reports the most recent advances in the field, and offers details on primers and protocols most suitable for studying specific food ecosystems. It provides analytical details and suggestions useful in research, as well as evaluation of the criticism of using novel approaches in food fermentation microbiology. This book also discusses new insights drawn from the use of bio-molecular techniques in the microbial ecology of fermented foods.

About the Authors:

Luca Cocolin is an associate professor at the University of Turin, Italy.

Danilo Ercolini is a researcher at University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy

Zusammenfassung
The approach to study microorganisms in food has changed. In the last few years the field of food fermentations has experienced a very fast development, thanks to the application of methods allowing precise picturing of their microbial ecology. As a consequence, new information is available on the structure and dynamics of the microbial populations taking turns during fermented food production. This is the age when functional genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics are going to shed light on the overall role of bacteria in food ferm- tation, considering also their interactions. Nevertheless, the last 10 years can be considered the detectomics era, since much research effort has been dedicated to the development and optimization of biomolecular methods for the detection, reliable identification and monitoring of microorganisms involved in food fermentations. The identification of species and strains during the different phases of fermented foods production allows the understanding of the time when they act or play a role in the food matrix, and the molecular methods can, thus, be used for this purpose in a sort of functional diagnostics. It is well recognized by researchers world-wide that traditional microbiological methods often fail to characterize minor populations or microorganisms for which a selective enrichment is necessary. Moreover, stressed and injured cells need specific culturing conditions to recover and become cultivable on agar media.

Inhalt
Molecular Techniques in Food Fermentation: Principles and Applications.- Dairy Products.- Fermented Meat Products.- Sourdough Fermentations.- Vegetable Fermentations.- Wine Fermentation.- Beer Production.- Other Fermentations.- Probiotics: Lessons Learned from Nucleic Acid-based Analysis of Bowel Communities.- Bioinformatics for DNA Sequence-based Microbiota Analyses.- Role of Bacterial 'Omics' in Food Fermentation.