This book presents synthesis techniques for the preparation of low-dimensional nanomaterials including 0D (quantum dots), 1D (nanowires, nanotubes) and 2D (thin films, few layers), as well as their potential applications in nanoelectronic systems. It focuses on the size effects involved in the transition from bulk materials to nanomaterials; the electronic properties of nanoscale devices; and different classes of nanomaterials from microelectronics to nanoelectronics, to molecular electronics. Furthermore, it demonstrates the structural stability, physical, chemical, magnetic, optical, electrical, thermal, electronic and mechanical properties of the nanomaterials. Subsequent chapters address their characterization, fabrication techniques from lab-scale to mass production, and functionality.

In turn, the book considers the environmental impact of nanotechnology and novel applications in the mechanical industries, energy harvesting, clean energy, manufacturingmaterials, electronics, transistors, health and medical therapy. In closing, it addresses the combination of biological systems with nanoelectronics and highlights examples of nanoelectronic-cell interfaces and other advanced medical applications.

The book answers the following questions:

. What is different at the nanoscale?

. What is new about nanoscience? . What are nanomaterials (NMs)?

. What are the fundamental issues in nanomaterials?

. Where are nanomaterials found? . What nanomaterials exist in nature?

. What is the importance of NMs in our lives?

. Why so much interest in nanomaterials? . What is at nanoscale in nanomaterials?

. What is graphene?

. Are pure low-dimensional systems interesting and worth pursuing? . Are nanotechnology products currently available?

. What are sensors?

. How can Artificial Intelligence (AI) and nanotechnology work together? . What are the recent advances in nanoelectronic materials?

. What are the latest applications of NMs?

Autorentext

Dr. LOUTFY H. MADKOUR has been a Professor of Physical Chemistry and Nano Science at the Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al Baha University, Saudi Arabia, since 2012. He received his B.Sc., M.Sc. and Ph.D. in Physical Chemistry from Cairo University, Minia University and Tanta University (Egypt), respectively. He began working as a Lecturer in Chemistry at Tanta University in 1982 and as a Professor of Physical Chemistry in 1999. He has conducted a series of studies in the fields of electrochemistry, corrosion science, density functional theory, molecular dynamic simulation, nanoscience, nanotechnology, nanomedicine, analytical chemistry, polarography, electrolytic extraction of heavy metals from natural ores and deposits, electrochemical thermodynamics and environmental chemistry. His previous research accomplishments include the biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) and toxicology studies for pharmacological applications in medicine and therapy. He has published 150 peer-reviewed original research articles, 11 review articles, and 4 books on physical chemistry, practical and applied chemistry, corrosion science, nanoscience and nanomedicine.

Prof. Madkour is an Editorial Board member for several international journals, e.g. the International Journal of Industrial Chemistry (IJIC); International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water; Global Drugs and Therapeutics (GDT); Journal of Targeted Drug Delivery; Journal of Clinical and Medical Research; and International Journal of Environmental Chemistry. In addition to serving as a Reviewer for many international ELSEVIER and SPRINGER journals, he is a member of many prestigious international societies, including the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), European Desalination Society (EDS), Egyptian Chemical Society (ECS), Egyptian Corrosion Bulletin Society and American Chemical Society (ACS).

Inhalt
CONTENTSSummaryA Look Ahead

1. INTRODUCTION TO NANOTECHNOLOGY (NT) AND NANOMATERIALS (NMs)
   1.1 Nanotechnology Debate1.2 Nanomaterials (NMs)1.3 The Nanoworld 1.4 Atoms, Clusters and Nanograins1.5 What is Different at the Nanoscale1.6 History of Nanomaterials
2. PRINCIPLES OF COMPUTATIONAL SIMULATIONS DEVICES AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOELECTRONIC MATERIALS
   2.1. Charged particle single nanometer manufacturing 2.2. Exotic effects and potential2.3. Preliminary concepts: elements from solid state physics2.4. Computing electronic transport2.5. Basics of DFT and Methodology2.6. Characterization of Nanomaterials2.7. Characterization TechniquesReferences
3. WHERE ARE NANOMATERIALS (NMs) FOUND
   3.1. Nanoparticles Are All Around Us3.2. What Nanomaterials Exist in Nature3.3. Environmental Nanoparticles and Colloids3.4. Humic Substances3.5. Volcanic Ashes3.6. Desert Sources of Nanoparticles3.7. Biological NanoparticlesReferences

4. BENEFITS OF NANOMATERIALS AND NANOWIRE GEOMETRY
   4.1 The Nanobulk Stage (10-15 years)4.2 Advances of Nanomaterials (NMs)4.3 The Nanoworld Stage (15-40 years)4.4 NMs Enhanced Surface Plasmon Resonance for Biological and Chemical Sensing Applications4.5 Benefits of the Nanowire Geometry4.6 Disadvantages of Nanomaterials (NMs)References

5. WHY SO MUCH INTEREST IN NANOMATERIALS (NMs)
   5.1. Recent Advances of Nanostructured Materials5.2. New Properties can be created5.3 Some Present and Future Applications of Nanomaterials5.4 Engineered Nanoparticles Change Shape in Soil and Groundwater5.5 Applications of Field-Effect Transistors (FET)5.6 Fabrication of 1-D NanostructuresReferences

6. EXAMPLES OF NANOMATERIALS WITH VARIOUS MORPHOLOGIES
   6.1. Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)6.2. Nanoparticles6.3. Other Application Examples of Nanoparticles are6.4. Quantum Dots6.5. Nanoshell6.6. Metal Rubber6.7. Nanopores6.8. Nanoparticles with Different MorphologiesReferences

7. CARBON NANOMATERIALS AND TWODIMENSIONAL TRANSITION METAL DICHALCOGENIDES (2D TMDCs)
   7.1. Classification of 2D materials7.2. 2D materials, their properties, and applications7.3. Crystal structure of 2D materials7.4. Electronic, optical, and mechanical properties of 2D materials7.5. 2D van der Waals heterostructures7.6. Fabrication of 2D heterostructures7.7. 2D heterostructures and their applications7.8. Fullerenes molecules7.9. Diamond molecules7.10. Carbon Nanotubes (Carbonbased NPs)7.11. Graphene background7.12. Potential Applications of Graphene7.13. Applications of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)7.14. The Future of Graphene ResearchReferences

8. NANOELECTRONICS AND ROLE OF SURFACES INTERFACES
   8.1. The Development of Microelectronics 8.2. The Region of Nanostructures&l...