Liquid Crystals of One- and Two-Dimensional Order

This conference on liquid crystals of one- and two-dimensional order and their applications is the third in a series of European conferences devoted mainly to smectic liquid crystals. Its purpose was to bring together people working on the frontiers of the field of liquid crystals. Ordinary nematic liquid crystals were left out in order to limit the size of the meeting. The number of registered participants still reached 148. The conference shed new light on the classification of smectic mesophases, especially through the interaction of the Halle (GDR) and Hull (England) groups. It saw lively discussions on the famous blue phase of cholesterics. There were illuminating presentations on lyotropic nematic liquid crystals, on reentrant nematics, mesomorphic polymer phases, and related subjects. Much room was given to bilayers, monolayers, and interfaces, mostly to further the use of the concepts and methods of liquid crystal physics in exploring bio­ membranes. Other topics were device applications of smectic and cholesteric liquid crystals and nematic polymers, both of which hold promise of techno­ logical breakthroughs, apart from their scientific interest.

Inhalt

I. Ordered Smectic Phases and Structures.- The Smectic Phases of the N-(4-n-Alkyloxybenzylidene)-4?-n-alkyl-anilines (n0.m's) -Some Problems of Phase Identification and Structure.- The System of Nonamphiphilic Smectic Liquid Crystals with Layer Structures.- Recommendation for the Use of the Code Letters G and H for Smectic Phases.- Magnetic Resonance of Chiral and Achiral Smectics.- Physical Properties of Plastic Crystals.- Two-Dimensional Order in the SmF Phase.- Molecular Conformational Changes in the Mesophases of TBBA.- Smectic Polymorphism of Some Bis-(4,4?-n-alkoxybenzylidene)-1,4-phenylenediamines up to 3 kbar by Differential Thermal Analysis.- Investigation of a Smectic H-Smectic C Phase Transition by X-Ray Diffraction.- X-Ray Diffraction Study of the Mesophase of Octaphenylcyclotetra-siloxane.- A Chiral Smectic F Phase.- Coherent Neutron Scattering Study of the SmV?SmVI Transition in TBBA.- II. A and C Smectic Phases and Structures.- High Resolution X-Ray Scattering from Smectic A, B, and C Phases.- Dielectric Properties and Structure of the Smectic Phases.- Molecular Packing Coefficients of the Homologous Series 4,4 -Di-n-alkyloxyazoxybenzene.- Theoretical Conformational Study of Alkyl and Alkoxy Chains in MBBA, EBBA, and TBBA.- Refractive Indices and Dielectric Constants of the Nematic and Smectic Phases of O-, S-, Se-, and Te-4?-pentylphenyl-4-alkyloxychalcogen-benzoates.- Crystal Structures of Smectogenic p-n-Alkoxybenzoicacids.- The Nematic-Smectic C Phase Transition: A Renormalization Group Analysis.- Use of the Far Infrared Spectroscopy for the Determination of the Order Parameter of Nematic Compounds.- Investigation of Molecular Motions in Smectic A and C TBBA by NMR Relaxation Dispersion.- Study of Conformational Motions in the Aromatic Core of Schiff's Bases by Semi-Empirical Quantic or Empirical Methods. Influence of the Packing of Molecules on the Conformation.- Homeotropic Alignment of Liquid Crystals in Cylindrical Geometry.- III. Defects, Elasticity, and Rheology of Smectics.- Curvature Defects in Smectic A and Canonic Liquid Crystals.- AC and DC Mechanical Response of Smectic Liquid Crystals.- Molecular Statistical Model for Twist Viscosity in Smectic C Liquid Crystals.- Dynamic Shear Properties near a Smectic A to Smectic B Phase Transition.- Convective Instabilities in Cholesteric Smectic A Liquid Crystals.- IV. Special Phase Transitions: Smectic A1-Smectic A2, Reentrant Nematic, and Nematic-Isotropic.- Reflections on the Reentrant Nematic and-the SA-SA Phase Transitions.- Experimental Evidence of Monolayers and Bilayers in Smectics.- X-Ray Investigations of the Smectic A1 - Smectic A2 Transition.- Electron Spin Resonance: Structure of C.B.O.O.A. and B.O.B.O.A.- Influence of a Smectic Phase on Thermodynamical Behaviour of the Nematic to Isotropic Phase Transition.- X-Ray Studies of Reentrant Nematic and Smectic A Phases in Pure Compounds at Atmospheric Pressure.- Occurrence of Reentrant Nematic and Reentrant Smectic A Phases in Some Liquid Crystal Series.- NMR Proton Relaxation Investigation of the Nematic-Isotropic Phase Transition in Homologues of the PAA Series.- Pulse Acousto-Optic Modulator Using a Nematic Liquid Crystal in Its Isotropic Phase.- V. Cholesterics and Electro optical Applications of Nonnematics.- Experimental Results and Problems Concerning "Blue Phases".- Applications of Smectic and Cholesteric Liquid Crystals.- Theory of BCC Orientational Order in Chiral Liquids: The Cholesteric Blue Phase.- Cholesteric Structures and the Role of Phase Biaxiality.- Optical Properties of Cholesteric Liquid Crystals Under a DC Electric Field.- New Simple Model of a Liquid Crystal Light Valve.- Restabilized Planar Texture in Homogeneously Aligned Cholesterics and Its Application to a Color Display Device.- Orientation of the Chi'ral Solutes in Induced Cholesteric Solutions.- Ultrasound Effects on Cholesterics.- A Microsecond-Speed, Bistable, Threshold-Sensitive Liquid Crystal Device.- VI. Liquid-Crystalline Polymers.- Weak Nematic Gels.- Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polymers.- Thermotropic Polymeric Liquid Crystals: Polymers with Mesogenic Elements and Flexible Spacers in the Main Chain.- Polymerization of Lipid and Lysolipid Like Diacetylenes in Monolayers and Liposomes.- Spin Probe Studies of Oriented Li quid-Crystal line Polymers.- Photochrdmic Polymers in Two Dimensions.- Nematic Phases of Polymers.- Nematic Thermotropic Polyester.- VII. Lyotropic Liquid Crystals.- Lyotropic Nematic Phases of Amphiphilic Compounds.- Viscoelasticity and Flow Alignment of Dilute Aqueous Detergent Solutions.- Structural Relations Between Lyotropic Phases in the Vicinity of the "Nematic" State.- Optical Properties of Lyotropic Nematic Phases.- Phase Transitions in a Solution of Rod-Like Particles with Different Lengths.- Aggregate Structure and Ion Binding in Amphiphilic Systems Studied by NMR Diffusion Method.- Ion Binding in Liquid Crystals as Studied by Chemical Shift Anisotropics and Quadrupole Splittings.- The Structure of a Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Phase that Spontaneously Orients in a Magnetic Field.- A Lyotropic Phase from Tetracarboxylated Copperphathalocyanines.- Reorientation of the Director of an Amphiphilic Nematic Mesophase in a Static Magnetic Field.- NMR Measurements of W/O Type Microemulsions Formed by Large Bolaform Ions.- VIII. Interfaces, Bi- and Monolayers and Biological Applications.- Defect Structure and Texture of Isolated Bilayers of Phospholipids and Phospholipid Mixtures.- The Crenation of Lipid Bilayers and of the Membrane of the Human Red Blood Cell.- Lipid-Protein Interaction in Membranes.- Photoreaction of Cholesteryl Cinnamate in Multilayers.- Differential Scanning Calorimetric Studies of Mixtures of Cholesterol with Phosphatidylethanolamine and Phosphatidylethanolamine-phosphatidyl choline Mixtures.- A Two-Dimensional Thermodynamic Field Theory.- On the Orientation of Liquid Crystals by Monolayers of Amphiphilic Molecules.- Influence of Phase Transitions of Amphiphilic Monolayers on the Orientation of Liquid Crystals.- Infrared Spectroscopy and Ultrastructural Studies of a Hydrophobic Membrane Protein in a Monolayer.- Dependence of the Optical Contrast of Vesicle Walls on Lamellarity and Curvature.- Osmotic Shrinkage of Giant Egg-Lecithin Vesicles.- Direct X-Ray Study of the Molecular Tilt in Dipalmitoy Lecithin Bilayers.- IX. Mesophases of Disk-Like Molecules.- Carbonaceous Mesophase and Disk-Like Molecules.- Discotic Mesophases: A Review.- X-Ray Investigations and Magnetic Field Effects on a Fluid Mesophase of Disk-Like Molecules.- The Classification of Mesophase of Di-i-butylsilanediol.- Magnetic Susceptibility of Discotic Mesophases of Disk-Like Molecules.- X. Further Contributions.- List of Contributors.