The future focus of nanotechnology will be on realizing new functions over greater scales. This book describes the creation of nano- and microscale structures and functions by controlling temperature, light, pressure, or carrier injections. It covers novel nano-integration technologies such as quantum-well devices possilbe by utilizing, for example, the self-organization of surface nanostructures and optically or pressure-induced phase transitions, micro machines using microstereolithography, as well as new techniques of laser spectroscopy and new computational methods for estimating atomic and electronic structures and their functions on the nano- and microscales.

Zusammenfassung
In nanotechnology to date, much emphasis is placed on the creation of the nanostructures by means of micro- and atomic manipulations. This research ?eld has been highly respected and promoted by the society, polytics, and economics. Rapid progress in this ?eld has been greatly stimulated by more fundamental study on nano- and micromaterials. In this respect, the sci- tists and engineers in di?erent ?elds of physics, chemistry, materials science, and information technology including experimentalists, theorists, and also researchers doing computer simulations have collaborated to form a new interdisciplinary ?eld. This book covers the recent advances in this growing research ?eld, in particular, those developed mainly in the interdisciplinary research project named Materials science for nano- and microscale control: Creation of new structures and functions, which was formed in 2004 in the Graduate School of Engineering of Yokohama National University in collaboration with the Institutefor Materials Research, Tohoku University and other universities. The topics described in this book are as follows.

Inhalt
General Introduction.- Nanometer-Scale Structure Formation on Solid Surfaces.- Ultrafast Laser Spectroscopy Applicable to Nano- and Micromaterials.- Defects in Anatase Titanium Dioxide.- Organic Radical 1,3,5-Trithia-2,4,6-Triazapentalenyl (TTTA) as Strongly Correlated Electronic Systems: Experiment and Theory.- Ab Initio GW Calculations Using an All-Electron Approach.- First-Principles Calculations Involving Two-Particle Excited States of Atoms and Molecules Using T-Matrix Theory.- Green's Function Formulation of Electronic Transport at Nanoscale.- Self-Assembled Quantum Dot Structure Composed of IIIV Compound Semiconductors.- Potential-Tailored Quantum Wells for High-Performance Optical Modulators/Switches.- Thermodynamic Properties of Materials Using Lattice-Gas Models with Renormalized Potentials.- Optically Driven Micromachines for Biochip Application.- Study of Complex Plasmas.