This book presents a systematic study of the history, theory and policy of investor citizenship and residence programmes. It explores how states develop new rules of joining their community in response to globalisation and highlights the tension between citizenship policies aimed at migrant integration and those, such as the sale of passports, which create 'long-distance citizens'. Individual chapters offer insights in the historical relationship between citizenship, money and property; discuss arguments that support and counter the practice of the sale of citizenship; and examine the interests and strategies of the different actors-states, companies, individuals-that constitute the 'supply' and 'demand' sides of the burgeoning citizenship industry. The book provides a global overview of the market for investor citizenship as well as a separate policy analysis of the sale of citizenship and residence in the European Union. Jelena Dzankic is Coordinator ofthe Global Citizenship Observatory (GLOBALCIT) at the European University Institute, Italy. She researches citizenship in Europe and beyond, Europeanisation, and politics of identity.

Autorentext
Jelena Danki is Coordinator of the Global Citizenship Observatory (GLOBALCIT) at the European University Institute, Italy. She researches citizenship in Europe and beyond, Europeanisation, and politics of identity.

Inhalt

Chapter 1: Introduction

Citizenship in the age of globalisation

The global market for investor citizenship: a novelty? A brief note on methodology

Road map of the book

Chapter 2: Citizenship and money: historical snapshots Citizenship in Ancient Greece: of possessions, duty and merit

Ancient Rome

The Middle Ages: loyalty to the city

Renaissance and Reformation: from citizens to subjects

Citizenship, revolutions and the rise of nations The two worlds of citizenship

Citizenship and post-colonialism: roots of the contemporary sale of passports

Citizenship, property and resilient states

Conclusion

Chapter 3: To sell or not to sell: the ethics of ius pecuniae

The sale of citizenship and the different citizenship traditions

The pros of ius pecuniae

The dark side of investor citizenship

Conclusion

Chapter 4:  A classification of investment-based citizenship programmes

Understanding the purposes of ius pecuniae policies

Discretionary attribution of citizenship to investors

Investor citizenship programmes

Path-to-citizenship programmes: facilitated and ordinary residence

Conclusion

  Chapter 5: 'Long-distance citizens': strategies and interests of states, companies and individuals in the global race for wealth

Citizenship and global inequalities

A growing industry: multilayered networks in the investor citizenship market

The 'demand side' of the long-distance citizenship industry

Conclusion

Chapter 6: Ius pecuniae in a multilevel system: the European experience

Complexities of citizenship in nested polities

Mapping investment-based citizenship and residence schemes in the EU

Investor citizenship programmes in the EU

Investor residence programmes in the EU

Conclusion

Chapter 7: Conclusion

Contributions to comparative citizenship studies and avenues for future research