Recent scholarship on Second Temple Judaism and Paul has maintained that both held salvation to be through God's grace alone, not human obedience. In this study, Jason Maston argues against this trend by demonstrating the spectrum of perspectives available during the Second Temple period regarding the interaction of divine and human actions. Using Josephus' depiction of the Jewish schools as the starting point, he argues that ancient Jews were discussing the issue of divine and human agency and that they were putting forward alternative and even contradictory perspectives. These different viewpoints are shown in Sirach and the Hodayot. Into this spectrum of opinions, the Apostle Paul is situated through an analysis of Romans 7-8. The author challenges the idea that all of Judaism can be explained under a single view of salvation. Recognising the diversity allows one to situate Paul firmly within a Jewish context without distorting either the Jewish texts or Paul.

Born 1978; 2010 PhD from Durham University (England); Lecturer in New Testament at Highland Theological College UHI in Dingwall, Scotland.

Autorentext

Born 1978; 2010 PhD from Durham University (England); Lecturer in New Testament at Highland Theological College UHI in Dingwall, Scotland.

Zusammenfassung
Jason Maston untersucht, wie die Möglichkeiten des menschlichen und göttlichen Handelns im antiken Judentum aufgefasst werden. Er zeigt an Sirach und dem Hodayot unterschiedliche Meinungen zu dieser Frage auf. Anhand einer Analyse von Röm. 7-8 bezieht er auch den Apostel Paulus in die jüdische Debatte mit ein. Es zeigt sich, dass eine eindimensionale Bewertung des Judentums falsch ist und dass Paulus' Betonung des göttlichen Handelns durchaus der zeitgenössischen jüdischen Sichtweise entspricht.