From July 31 to August 13 a NATO Advanced Study Institute on Photosynthesis was held at the Anargyrios and Korgialenios School on the Island of Spetsai. Greece. The Institute focused on techniques and recent advances in photosynthesis research and brought together teachers and students with a wide range of interest and experience. It was a very stimulating occasion which allowed cross-fertilization to occur between biophysicists. biochemists, molecular biologists and physiologists. Lectures and discussions ran~ed from the description of the molecular structure of the photosynthetIc bacterial reaction centre and of tobacco Rubisco through to the regulation of carbon metabolism and the application of genetic engeering. This book is comprised of the contents of the major lectures and a selection of relevant posters displayed at the Institute. Taken together the book is an excellent representation of the most up to date thoughts and activities in photosynthesis research across a wide, but interlocking. spectrum of topics. The papers presented here are a written record of the high quality of both the lecturers and students alike and emphasises the value of the NATO ASI series as a reference source. The successful organisation of the Institute and the production of this book would not have been possible without the support of our colleagues. We therefore wish to thank Pam Cook, Lyn Barber. Niki Gounaris, Alison Telfer. Sotiria Nikolaidon, David Chapman, Steven Mayes and Wei Qiu Wang for all their help during the course of the Institute.
Inhalt
Solar Energy from Photochemistry.- Section I: Structure and Function of Protein Complexes.- Crystallization of Membrane Proteins.- FTIR Investigations on Orientation of Protein Secondary Structures and Primary Reactions in Photosynthesis.- The Structure and Function of Photosystem II.- Structural Organization and Function of Polypeptide Subunits in Photosystem I.- Structural and Functional Properties of the Isolated Photosystem Two Reaction Centre.- Pigment-Protein Complex Organization and Modulation of the F730/F685 Ratio at 77°K in Chloroplast Thylakoids.- Photoregulation of LHC-II Accumulation in Thylakoids During Chloroplast Development.- A Novel Method for the Visualization of Outer Surfaces from Stacked Regions of Thylakoid Membranes.- Infrared Spectroscopy and Electrochemistry of Chlorophylls: Model Compound Studies on the Interaction in their Native Environment.- Enzymatic Chlorination of Chlorophyll A in vitro.- Properties of the 47kDa Protein and the D1-D2-Cyt b559 Complex.- A Hypothetical Model for the Structure and Function of the Photosystem II Reaction Centre.- Binding of 45Ca by Photosystem II Polypeptides.- Isolation of the chlorophyll a/b Protein Complex CP29.- Spectroscopic Characterization of Purified Chlorophyll a/b Proteins CP29, CP26, CP24 from Maize PSII Antenna Complex.- The 20 kDa APO-Polypeptide of the Chlorophyll a/b Protein Complex CP24.- LHC II-Apoproteins of Chlamydomonas reinhardii: Isolation, Isoelectric Focusing, Association with Lipids.- Excitation Energy Distribution in an organism with a Chl A/C/Carotenoid Light Harvesting Complex.- Section II: Membranes and Electron Transport.- Regulation of Thylakoid Membrane Structure and Function by Surface Electrical Charge.- Thylakoid Membrane Polar Lipids.- Quinone Binding and Herbicide Activity in the Acceptor Quinone Complex of Bacterial Reaction Centres.- Structural and Functional Aspects of the Photosynthetic Electron Transport Chain of Rhodobacter capsulatus.- Are Envelope Membranes from Chloroplasts and Non-green Plastids Indentical?.- Some Zero- and High-Field Electron Spin Resonance and Time-Resolved Fluoresence Studies on Isolated Photosystem II Particles.- Photochemistry in the Isolated Photosystem II Reaction Centre.- Electron Acceptors in Photosystem II.- Cyt b-559 in Photosystem II.- A New Class of Potential Mechanism-Based Suicide Inhibitors of Photosynthetic Activity.- Modification of the Model Explaining Flash-Induced Oxygen Evolution Patterns in Isolated Thylakoids.- Investigation of the Water Oxidising System of PS2 The Role of Calcium in Water Oxidation.- Oxygen Evolution From H2O2 and H2O in Relation to Mn Content.- Structure of the Primary Electron Donor in Photosystem I: Difference Resonance Raman Spectroscopy of CP1 Particles.- Analysis of the Slow Component of the Flash-Induced P515 Response in Chloroplasts.- The Single Channel Conductance of CF0.- Relationship Between Energy Dependent Release of Adenine Nucleotides from CF1 and Photophosphorylation.- Mathematical Model of the Millisecond Delayed Fluorescence.- Energy Coupling to Pyridine Nucleotide Transhydrogenase in Chromatophores from Phototrophic Bacteria.- Characterisation of the bc1 Complex in Rhodopseudomonas viridis.- Light Driven Amino Acid Uptake in Membrane Vesicles of Streptococcus cremoris Fused with Liposomes Containing Bacterial Reaction Centres.- Analysis of the Polarized Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectrum of Rhodobacter sphaeroides.- Dielectric Dispersion in Hydrated Purple Membrane.- Section III: Carbon Fixation: Measurement and Regulation.- Recent Developments in Rubisco Research: Structure, Assembly, Activation and Genetic Engineering.- The Measurement of Rate of Photosynthesis as a Function of Photon Flux Density and the Significance and Implication of these Measurements.- Assimilatory Force and Regulation of Photosynthetic Carbon Reduction in Leaves.- Control of Sucrose Synthesis: Estimation of Free Energy Changes Investigation of the Contribution of Equilibrium and Non-Equilibrium Reactions, and Estimation of Elasticities and Flux Control Coefficients.- The Photosynthetic Assimilation of Nitrate and its Interactions with CO2 Fixation.- Studies of the CO2+-Activated Ribulose-1, 5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase by the Use of Spectrophotometry.- Coarse Control of Sucrose-phosphate Synthase.- Section IV: Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology.- Genes and Polypeptides of Photosystem II.- The Use of Transgenic Plants to Manipulate Photosynthetic Processes.- Permeabilized Cyanobacteria: A Model System for Photosynthetic and Biotechnological Studies.- Possible Role of psbJ in Photosystem II: Site-directed Mutagenesis in the Cyanobacterium, Synechocystis 6803.- Characterisation of cDNA Clones Encoding the Pea Chloroplast Rieske Fe-S Protein.- Cloning the Gene for Cytochrome C2 from Rhodospirilium rubrum.- Plant Production, Photosynthesis Rate and Related Characters in Doubled-Haploid Lines of Nicotinana tabacum Selected by Photosynthetical Efficiency.- Chloroplast Development in T-DNA Gene 4 Transformed Calli.- Photosynthetically Active Chloroplasts in Petunia corollas.- Algae Removal in Waste Stabilization Ponds.- Section V: Stress Phenomena and Adaptation.- Inactivation of Photosystem II and Turnover of the D1-Protein by Light and Heat Stresses.- Subfractional Analysis of Thylakoid Membrane Organisation and Adaptation.- Stress Responses in Cyanobacteria.- Disassembly of Photosystem II Following Photoinhibition.- Damaging Processes in the Reaction Centre and on its Acceptors Side During Photoinactivation of PSII Particles.- Photoinhibition of Reaction Centre Activity in Photosystem Two Preparations with Reduced Rates of Water Oxidation.- Photoinhibition of Electron Transport Activity of Photosystem II in Isolated Thylakoids Studied by Thermoluminescence and Delayed Luminescence.- Characterization of the Heat Induced Effects on the Physical Properties and Organization State of PSII Subchloroplast Membranes.- In Broadleaved Evergreens Variations in Fv/Fm Induced by Photoinhibition are Coupled to Reductions in PSII RC Unit Size.- The Primary Limitation to Photosynthesis Following Low Temperature Stress Under High Light.- Comparison of Chill-Induced and Room Temperature Photoinhibition.- The Effect of Salinity, Photoinhibition and Interaction of both on Photosynthesis in Barley.- Photoinhibition in Outdoor Cultur…