International and Transnational Perspectives on Urban Systems

This book reviews the recent evolutions of cities in the world according to entirely revised theoretical fundamentals of urban systems. It relies on a vision of cities sharing common dynamic features as co-evolving entities in complex systems. Systems of cities that are interdependent in their evolutions are characterized in the context of that dynamics. They are identified on various geographical scales-worldwide, regional, or national. Each system exhibits peculiarities that are related to its demographic, economic, and geopolitical history, and that are underlined by the systematic comparison of continental and regional urban systems, following a common template throughout the book. Multi-scale urban processes, whether local (one city), or within national systems (systems of cities), or linked to the expansion of transnational networks (towards global urban systems) throughout the world over the period 1950-2010 are deeply analyzed in 16 chapters. This global overview challenges urban governance for designing policies facing globalization and the subsequent ecological transition. The answers, which emerge from the diversity of situations in the world, add some reflections on and recommendations to the "urban system framework" proposed in the Habitat III agenda.

Autorentext
Céline Rozenblat is professor of urban geography at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland, and chair of the Urban Commission of the International Geographical Union (IGU). She develops studies of cities' systems on a world scale, multinational firms' networks, inter-urban dynamics, comparative urban data, mapping and visualization of networks in geography, and spatial analysis. Her research is mainly directed at the relations between local evolutions and networks dynamics into city systems. In a comparative perspective, she has built many databases on large European city samples and on world networks. In particular, since 1990 she had handled databases on localized multinational firms networks, on cities' properties, and their evolution at the European and global levels in a multi-dimensional and long-term approach. Diachronic and dynamic studies supply materials to develop spatial and dynamic models and visualizations. For several years she has dealt with the relation between networks' developments and multi-level urban processes. She has participated in European projects such as ESPON FOCI 20082011, FP7 FET Insite (20112013) and Multiplex (20122016). She also participates in the EuropeAid project with China MEDIUM (20152019) on medium-size cities in China and recently has begun a new project, LOGIICCS (FNS 20152018), on the modelling of Indian and Chinese cities' integration into global networks of multinational firms and innovation. Denise Pumain is emeritus professor at the University Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne, and director of Cybergeo, European Journal of Geography. She was chair of the Commission on Urban Development and Urban Life of the International Geographical Union (19922000) and director of the European Research Group Spatial Simulations for Social Sciences at CNRS. She specialized in urban modeling and theoretical geography. Her main scientific contribution regards building an evolutionary theory of urban systems and transferring concepts and models from self-organizing complex systems towards social sciences.

She has received several academic awards (e.g., International Prize for Geography Vautrin Lud 2010; Corresponding member of the Austrian Academy of Science; Corresponding Fellow of the British Academy; an honorary doctorate in Lausanne and Liège Universities) and is holder of an ERC Advanced Grant (20102016). In her ERC-funded research she is looking at city system dynamics in the world by analyzing and modeling the geographical diversity of cities and systems of cities. Dr. Elkin Velásquez Monsalve is the director of the Regional Office for the Caribbean and Latin America (ROLAC), UN-Habitat, in Rio de Janeiro. He is co-leading a coalition of regional partners towards enabling the implementation of the New Urban Agenda in LAC, particularly promoting a new Ecosystem of Funds for Sustainable Urban Development. Before this appointment in 2013, he served as leader of the Regional and Metropolitan Planning Unit in the Urban Planning and Design Branch at UN-Habitat HQ in Nairobi.

He is a native of Colombia. Having studied public administration at the ENA (French National School of Public Administration), he obtained his Ph.D. in geography, specializing in territorial policy and planning, at the University of Grenoble (France). He also did graduate work in engineering at the School of Mines, National University of Colombia in Medellín. Since 2009 he has led important global programs: He was UN-Habitat senior manager in the Nairobi HQ. In addition to work with the Regional and Metropolitan Planning Unit, he was chief of the Urban Governance Section from 2010 to 2011, and he was coordinator of the Safer Cities Program from 2009 to 2011. He also was responsible for the Gender Unit and established the flagship Initiative on National Urban Policies.

His vast experience includes working in Argentina, Bolivia, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, France, West Indies, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, and Venezuela. He also extensively backstopped and advised on projects in Africa and Asia on the New Urban Agenda, particularly on metropolitan planning and a new generation of national urban policies.

Inhalt
Contents:

• Foreword: UN Habitat - Elkin Velasquez

• Introduction - A worldwide view on urbanization: Denise Pumain & Celine Rozenblat

1- Explaining cities from a System of Cities perspective

1.1 An Evolutionary theory of Urban Systems Denise Pumain

1.2 Urban systems between national and global: recent reconfiguration through transnational networks Celine Rozenblat

1.3 Preliminary typology of cities and systems of cities Celine Rozenblat & Denise Pumain

2- Metropolization in countries where urban transition is achieved 2.1 The United States Urban System: From colonial settlements to global urban centers, an original trajectory Anne Bretagnolle, University Paris 1, Celine Vacchiani-Marcuzzo, University of Reims, Kim Sukkoo, Washington University in Saint Louis

2.2 The Canadian Urban System: Urban Canada Goes Global Larry Bourne, University of Toronto and Jim Simmons, University of Toronto

2.3 Metropolization and polycentrism in the European Urban system Celine Rozenblat, Denise Pumain

2.4 Changes in the Japanese urban system since the 1950s: Urbanization, demography, and the management function Kazutoshi Abe, Aichi University, Tomoko Kubo, Gifu University and Nobuhiko Komaki, Aichi University.

3. Advanced urban transition in emergent economies 3.1 The South American Urban System: Primacy, urban concentration and emerging morphologies Luis Mauricio Cuervo, ECLAC/ILPES, Santiago de Chile, Rosa Moura, IPEA/PDPD, Brasilia

3.2 The Brazilian urban system: specialization and regional development Antonio-Cosmo Ignazzi UMR Geographie-Cites, Paris, Reinaldo Paul Perez Machado, University of Sao Paulo

4 Rapid urban transition: towards integrated urban systems

4.1 The Chinese Urban system: between multi-level political evolution and economic transition Elfie Swerts, University of Lausanne, Liao Liao, University of Aix-Marseille

4.2 Diffuse urbanization and mega urban regions in India: between reluctant and restrictive urbanism? Eric Denis, UMR Geographie-Cités, Paris, Elfie Swerts, University of Lausanne, Partha Mukhopadhyay, Centre for Policy research, New Delhi

4.3 The Russian urban system: evolution engaged with transition Clementine Cottineau, CASA, University College London, Irina Slepukhina, IRL, Leipzig

4.4 The South African Urban System: Coming to terms with the legacy of social control and exclusion? Solene Baffi, UMR …