Instrumentation for Combustion and Flow in Engines

Much has been said and written about the abilities of modern instrumentation to help solve problems of combustion in engines. In the main, however, the design and fabr ication of combustion chambers continues to be based on extrapolation of exper ience gained from use and rig tests, with little input from advanced techniques such as those based on optical diagnotics. At the same time, it has become increasingly difficult to design better combustion chambers without knowledge of the relevant flow processes. Thus, the future must involve improved understanding which, in turn, will require detailed measurements of velocity, temperature and concentration. The need to narrow the gap between current industrial practice and the acquisition and implementation of improved techniques motivated the organization of the Advanced Study Institute upon which this volume is based. This Institute on Instrumentation for Combustion and Flow in Engines was arranged to display the needs of industry and the possibilities made available by modern instrumentation and, at the same time, to make clear the relative advantages of optical and probe techniques. Held at Vimeiro during the period from 13 to 26 September, 1987, the Institute was attended by 120 participants and 16 invited lecturers.

Inhalt

I: Instrumentation For Combustion and Flow in Gas Turbine Combustors.- 1. Velocity and Scalar Measurements in Model and Real Gas Turbine Combustors.- 2. Combustion Oscillations in Ducts.- 3. Effect of Mean and Variable Time Constant on Compensated Thermocouple Measurements.- 4. Laser Diagnostics for Gas Turbine Thermometry and Species Measurements.- 5. Raman Processes and their Application.- 6. Quantitative Two- and Three-Dimensional Measurement Techniques.- 7. Quantitative Two-Dimensional Imaging of CO in Combustion Gases Using LIF.- 8. Laser Velocimetry for Combustion.- 9. Some Problems and Solutions in the Application of Laser Velocimetry to Continuous Combustion.- 10. The Simultaneous Measurement of Velocity and Scalar Properties.- 11. Future Test Rigs.- II: Instrumentation For Combustion and Flow in Internal-Combustion Engines.- 12. Laser Instrumentation for Production Engines.- 13. Application of Laser Anemometry and Rayleigh Scattering to Engine Flows.- 14. Influence of Combustion on Laser-Doppler Velocimeter Signal Quality in a Spark Ignition Engine.- 15. Refractive Index Matching for LDV Measurements Near Walls and in Complex Geometries.- 16. Problems and Solutions for Sprays in Piston Engines.- 17. Dispersed Two-Phase Flows, its Experimental Investigation and Numerical Prediction.- 18. Temperature Measurements by Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering in Internal Combustion Engines.- 19. S.I. Engine Ion Probe Diagnostics.- 20. The Effect of Maximum Valve Lift on the Flow Field in a High Swirl Piston Engine.- 21. Measurements of the Three-Dimensional Turbulent Flow in the Cylinder of an I.C. Engine.