In the last decade there have been rapid developments in the field of computer-based learning environments. A whole new generation of computer-based learning environments has appeared, requiring new approaches to design and development. One main feature of current systems is that they distinguish different knowledge bases that are assumed to be necessary to support learning processes. Current computer-based learning environments often require explicit representations of large bodies of knowledge, including knowledge of instruction. This book focuses on instructional models as explicit, potentially implementable representations of knowledge concerning one or more aspects of instruction. The book has three parts, relating to different aspects of the knowledge that should be made explicit in instructional models: knowledge of instructional planning, knowledge of instructional strategies, and knowledge of instructional control. The book is based on a NATO Advanced Research Workshop held at the University of Twente, The Netherlands in July 1991.

Inhalt

Instructional models in computer-based learning environments.- Instructional models in computer-based learning environments.- Content and delivery planning.- An introduction to instructional transaction theory.- The useful representation of instructional objectives: A task analysis of task analysis.- The significance of prescriptive decision theory for instructional design expert systems.- Transforming knowledge into learnable content.- Modeling requirements for intelligent training systems.- G's dynamic learner model.- The description of subject matter and instructional methods for computer-based learning.- The study of problem characteristics in programming tutors.- PEPE: A computational framework for a content planner.- A generic task model for instruction.- Instructional strategies, methods, and techniques.- An instructional strategy to teach a cognitive strategy via intelligent computer-assisted instruction: A design.- A descriptive model of instructional processes in interactive learning environments for elementary computer programming.- Two models of classroom learning using a communal database.- Adaptive tutoring of arithmetic skills.- Cognitive development based on process-learning environments.- Instructional strategies for teaching database query languages.- Extensions of intelligent tutoring paradigms to support collaborative learning.- Contextual module analysis in instructional design.- IByD: Computer support for developing unit plans: A first study.- (S)GML-based hypermedia: Generic resources for exploratory learning.- Hypertext as a strategy for teaching and assessing knowledge representation.- The delicate balance between learner and system control.- Cognitive flexibility theory and its implications for designing CBI.- Exploratory learning from computer-based systems.- A cooperative system for the interactive debugging of novice programming errors.- Programming languages and dynamic instructional tools: Addressing students' knowledge base.- The instructional design of CAI for problem solving in mathematics.- Dynamic interfaces for computer-based simulations in pharmacology.- Implementing learner control in an automated instructional system.