Hemoglobin and the red cell have continued to set a dizzying pace as the objects of research in the two and one-half year interval since the First International Conference on Red Cell Metabolism and Function. Most exciting perhaps, is a beginning molecular attack on sickle cell disease. The story of the inter­ action of red cell metabolism and oxygen transport has continued to unfold, and we can now infer that patients with hypoxia usually utilize red cell metabolic adjustments to improve oxygenation. This puts the red cell squarely in the center of medical practice, since much of medicine-heart, pulmonary, and blood disease- deals with inadequate oxygenation. On April 27th through the 29th, 1972, crystallographers, chemists, biochemists, physiologists, geneticists, and physi­ cians from many medical disciplines met in the Towsley Center for Continuing Medical Education at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor to present new data, to review recent developments, and to try to piece together additional features of the red cell puzzle. The meeting was dedicated to Dr. Francis John Worsley Roughton, Professor Emeritus of Colloid Science, University of Cambridge, England, in recognition of his numerous excellent contributions to the understanding of hemoglobin and red cell function. The program got off to a good start with a paper from M. F. Perutz, Nobel Laureate, on the structure of hemoglobin. Dr.

Inhalt

I. Hemoglobin Structure and Function.- Structure of Haemoglobin M Milwaukee, a Mutant Form Exhibiting Interaction between Ferrous and Ferric Subunits.- The Interaction Between Hemoglobin and Its "Oxygen-Linked" Ligands.- The Interaction of Sickle Hemoglobin with DPG, CO2, and with Other Hemoglobins: Formation of Asymmetrical Hybrids.- Enhancement of the Acid and Alkaline Bohr Effects of Hemoglobin by Organic Phosphates.- Functional Non-Equivalence of ? and ? Hemes in Human Hemoglobins.- II. Red- Cell Metabolism and Function.- Hemoglobin Casper G8 ? 106 Leu?Pro: Further Evidence that Hemoglobin Mutations are Not Random.- Potential Effects of Hemoglobin Concentration on Red Cell Metabolism Together with Observations on Red Cell Metabolic Differences Between Men and Women.- Catalase Activity and Red Cell Metabolism.- Red Cell Hexosemonophosphate Shunt Deficiency in Uremia.- Effect of Inorganic Phosphate on Red Cell Metabolism: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies.- Studies of the Metabolic Basis of the ATP-DPG Differences in Genetically Selected High and Low ATP-DPG Rat Strains.- III. Carbonic Anhydrase and Carbon Dioxide Transport.- Introductory Remarks at the Beginning of Session III 167.- Functional Aspects of the Three-Dimensional Structure of the Active Site of Carbonic Anhydrase.- The Effect of Temperature on the Catalytic Activity of Bovine Carbonic Anhydrase.- Carbonic Anhydrase, Red Cell Membranes, and CO2 Transport.- Effect of Chlorthalidone Binding on the Electrophoretic Properties of Human Red Cell Carbonic Anhydrase Isozymes.- The Role of Carbonic Anhydrase in the Control of Intracellular pH.- The Contribution of Carbamate in Human Adult and Foetal Blood to the CO2 Exchange during the Respiratory Cycle.- IV. Sickle Cell Structure and Function.- Introductory Remarks at the Beginning of Session IV.- Thermal (or Endothermic) Aggregation of Sickle Cell Hemoglobin (Hb S) During Sickling.- Chemical and Biological Aspects of the Inhibition of Red Blood Cell Sickling by Cyanate.- Preliminary Clinical Trials with Cyanate.- Carbamyl Phosphate Modification of Hemoglobin S Structure Resulting in Altered Sickling.- Oxygen Affinity Independent Action of Cyanate and 2,3 DPG on Sickling.- Evaluation of Oral Urea in the Management of Sickle Cell Anemia.- The Sickling Phenomenon of Deer Erythrocytes.- Further Studies on the Antenatal Detection of Sickle Cell Anemia and Other Hemoglobinopathies.- V. Adaptation to Hypoxia.- Adjustments of the Oxygen Transport System During Residence at High Altitude.- Red Cell Metabolism and Oxygen Affinity of Healthy Individuals during Exposure to High Altitude.- Enzymatic Mechanisms of Red Cell Adaptation to Anemia 377.- Red Cell Metabolic Changes in Acute and Chronic Exposure to High Altitude.- Effects of Cyanate in Rabbits.- VI. The Effect of Oxygen Affinity on Oxygen Transport: Blood Storage.- Studies on the Ability of Stored Blood to Transport Oxygen In Vivo.- The Two Bohr Effects: Physiological Consequences of Ligand Interaction with Hemoglobin.- Rejuvenation and Freezing of Outdated Human Red Cells.- Effects of Adenine on Stored Human Red Cells.- Hemoglobin Function During Blood Storage XV: Effects of Metabolic Additives Inosine and Methylene Blue on p50 and 2,3-DPG.- The Effect of Massive Transfusion of Stored Blood on Oxygen Transport - A Preliminary Report.