This practical volume focuses on the study of historic burial ground monuments but also covers some below ground archaeology, as some projects will involve the study of both. It will be an incomparable source for academic archaeologists, cultural resource and heritage management archaeologists, government heritage agencies, and upper-level undergraduate and graduate students of archaeology focused on the historic or post-medieval period, as well as forensic researchers and anthropologists.

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List Of Figures. List Of Tables. I: Introduction. 1: A Brief History - Historical Mortuary Archaeology. 1.1. Antiquarian interests. 1.2. The Origins and Development of Contemporary Research. 2: Theoretical Approaches. 2.1. Culture-history. 2.2. Functionalist Approaches. 2.3. Structuralist Approaches. 2.4. Marxist Approaches. 2.5. Symbolic studies. 2.6. Other recently developed approaches. Summary. II: Folk Traditions and High Culture: Funerary and Commemorative Practice to the Early 18th Century. 1. Death. 1.1. The Good Death. 2. The Funeral Mourning Dress and Funeral Expenditure. 3: Burial Grounds. 3.1. Location. 3.2. Spatial Arrangement. 3.3. Burial. 4: Internal Memorials. 4.1. Materials. 4.2. Forms. 5: External Memorials. 5.1. Materials. 5.2. Forms. 5.3. Decoration and Symbols. 6: Conclusions. III: A Maturing Industry: the Mid 18th century to Early 20th Century. 1: The Funeral. 1.1. The Coffin and Preparation of the Body. 1.2. Increasing Commercialisation. 1.3. Popular Fears Regarding Burial. 2: Mourning. 2.1. Mourning Jewelry. 2.2. Other Mourning Material Culture. 3: Commemoration. 4: Burial Grounds and Cemeteries. 4.1. Location. 4.2. Intra-site spatial arrangement. 5: Internal Memorials. 5.1. Materials. 5.2. Form and style. 6: External Memorials. 6.1. Materials. 6.2. Forms. 7: Decorationand Symbols. 8: Text. 9: Conclusions. IV: A Marginalized Activity: From After World War I. 1: The Funeral. 1.1. The Context of Death. 1.2. Changes in Organization. 1.3. Coffins and Caskets. 1.4. Choices in Body Disposal. 2: Mourning. 3: Commemoration. 4: Burial Grounds and Cemeteries. 4.1. Location. 4.2. Intra-site Spatial Arrangement. 5: Internal Memorials. 6: External Memorials. 6.1. Materials. 6.2. Forms. 6.3. Decoration and Symbols. 6.4. Text. 7: Conclusions. V: Production and Consumption. 1: Funerary and Mourning Paraphernalia. 1.1. Coffins and Fittings. 1.2. Mourning Paraphernalia. 2: Commemoration. 2.1. Materials and the Process of Monument Manufacture. 2.2. Production and the Role of Carvers. 2.3. Commissioning and Production of Monuments. 3: Temporal Change. 4: Spatial Change. 4.1. Regional Studies. 4.2. Distribution of Carvers' Products. 4.3. Intra-site Patterns. 5: Conclusions. VI: Social Structures. 1: The Relationship between Living Communities and Burial Ground Populations. 2: Status. 3: Family Structures. 3.1. Scale of Family. 3.2. Male Roles. 3.3. Female Roles. 3.4. Children. 3.5. Family Relationships. 4: Institutional Structures. 5: Patterns of Dependency. 6: Social Hierarchies. 6.1. Elite Burial. 6.2. Pauper Burial. 7: Necrogeography. 8: Emulation. VII: Identities. 1: Religious Affi