Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has been developed as a powerful technology which allows direct visualisation or localisation of genomic alterations. The technique has been adopted to a range of applications in both medicine, especially in the areas of diagnostic cytogenetics, and biology. Topics described in this manual include: FISH on native human tissues, such as blood, bone marrow, epithelial cells, hair root cells, amniotic fluid cells, human sperm cells; FISH on archival human tissues, such as formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissue sections, cryofixed tissue; simultaneous detection of apoptosis and xpression of apoptosis-related genes; comparative genomic ybridization; and special FISH techniques.

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List of Contents.- The Standard FISH Procedure - an Introduction.- 1 FISH Techniques, FISH Probes and Their Applications in Medicine and Biology - An Overview.- 2 Microscopy and Imaging Systems.- FISH on Native, Human Tissues.- 3 FISH on Chromosome Preparations of Peripheral Blood.- 4 FISH on Uncultured Blood or Bone Marrow.- 5 FISH on Blood or Bone Marrow Smears.- 6 Epithelial Cells from Buccal Smears and Urine.- 7 FISH on Hair Root Cells.- 8 Amniotic Fluid Cells - Uncultured.- 9 Human Sperm Cells.- FISH on Archival, Human Tissues.- 10 Archival Cytogenetic Slides.- 11 Formalin-Fixed and Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Sections.- 12 Nucleus Extraction from Formalin Fixed/paraffin Embedded Tissue.- 13 Combined in Situ Nick Translation and mRNA FISH for Simultaneous Detection of Apoptosis and Expression of Apoptosis-Related Genes in Sections from Paraffin-Embedded Tissue.- 14 Nucleus Extraction from Cryofixed Tissue.- 15 Preparation of Samples for CGH by DOP-PCR from Cryofixed or Paraffin-Embedded, Microdissected Cells.- 16 Comparative Genomic Hybridization.- Special FISH Techniques (Fiber-FISH, PNA-FISH, Co-FISH, NU-FISH).- 17 High Resolution FISH of Stretched Chromosome Fibers.- 18 Quantitative DNA Fiber Mapping.- 19 PNA-FISH.- 20 Strand-Specific Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization: CO-FISH and COD-FISH.- 21 The Combined Use of Nuclease in Situ Digestion and FISH (NU-FISH).- 22 DNA Breakage Detection-FISH (DBD-FISH).- 23 Detection of Radiosensitivity by Means of Three-Color FISH.- 24 Fluorescence in Situ Hybridisation of a Complete Set of 41 Telomere Specific Probes in a Single Simultaneous Hybridisation Experiment Using the Chromoprobe Multiprobe System-T.- FISH in Zoology and Virology.- 25 Zoo-FISH.- 26 FISH on Insect Cells Transfected with Heterologous DNA.- 27 Yeast FISH: Delineation of Chromosomal Targets in Vegetative and Meiotic Yeast Cells.- 28 In Situ Detection of Viral Nucleic Acids by Chemiluminescence.- Multicolor FISH Applications.- 29 Spectral Imaging Analysis of Metaphase and Interphase Cells.- 30 Microdissection of Chromosomes and Reverse FISH.- 31 Multicolor FISH Techniques for the Detection of Inter- and Intrachromosomal Rearrangements.- 32 Centromere-Specific Multicolor-FISH (cenM-FISH).- 33 Simultaneous Multicolor-FISH and Immunocyto-chemical Analysis of Fresh Tumor Material.- 34 Simultaneous Fluorescence Immunophenotyping and FISH (FICTION).- Not FISH but Almost.- 35 PRINS: Hybridization and Primed in Situ Labeling in One Step.- 36 Microarrays and DNA-Chips in the Analysis of Genetic Abberrations.