This is a comprehensive guide to fault injection techniques used to evaluate the dependability of a digital system. The description and the critical analysis of different fault injection techniques and tools are authored by key scientists in the field of system dependability and fault tolerance.

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Contributing Authors. Preface. Acknowledgements. 1: A First Look at Fault Injection. 1.1: Fault Injection Techniques. 1. Introduction. 2. An Overview of Fault Injection. 3. Hardware-based Fault Injection. 4. Software-based Fault Injection. 5. Simulation-based Fault Injection. 6. Hybrid Fault Injection. 7. Objectives of Fault Injection. 8. Further Researches. 1.2: Dependability Evaluation Methods. 1. Types of Dependability Evaluation Methods. 2. Dependability Evaluation by Analysis. 3. Dependability Evaluation by Field Experience. 4. Dependability Evaluation by Fault Injection Testing. 5. Conclusion and Outlook. 1.3: Soft Errors on Digital Components. 1. Introduction. 2. Soft Errors. 3. Protection against Soft Errors. 4. Other Sources of Soft Errors. 2: Hardware-Implemented Fault Injection. 2.1: Pin-Level Hardware Fault Injection Techniques. 1. Introduction. 2. State of the Art. 3. The Pin Level FI FARM Model. 4. Description of the Fault Injection Tool. 5. Critical Analysis. 2.2: Development of a Hybrid Fault Injection Environment. 1. Dependability Testing and Evaluation of Railway Control Systems. 2. Birth of a Validation Environment. 3. The Evolution of LIVE. 4. Example Application. 5. Conclusions. 2.3: Heavy Ion Induced SEE in SRAM Based FPGAs. 1. Introduction. 2. Experimental Set Up. 3. SEEs in FPGAs. 4. Conclusions. 3: Software-Implemented Fault Injection. 3.1: BOND: an Agents-Based Fault Injector for Windows NT. 1. The Target Platform. 2. Interposition Agents and Fault Injection. 3. The BOND Tool. 4. The Fault Injection Agent. 5. Experimental Evaluation of BOND. 6. Conclusions. 3.2: Xception(TM): a Software Implemented Fault Injection Tool. 1. Introduction. 2. The Xception Technique. 3. The Xception Toolset. 4. Critical Analysis. 3.3: MAFALDA: A Series of Prototype Tools for the Assessment of Real Time Cots Microkernel-Based Systems. 1. Introduction. 2. Overall Structure of MALFADA-RT. 3. Fault Injection. 4. Workload and Activation. 5. Readouts and Measures. 6. Lessons Learnt and Perspectives. 4: Simulation-Based Fault Injection. 4.1: VHDL Simulation-Based Fault Injection Techniques. 1. Introduction. 2. VHDL Simulation-Based Fault Injection. 3. Fault Models. 4. Description of VFIT. 5. Experiments of Fault Injection: Validation of a Fault Tolerant Microcomputer System. 6. Conclusions. 4.2: MEFISTO: A Series of Prototype Tools for Fault Injection into VHDL Models. 1. Introduction. 2. MEFISTO-L. 3. MEFISTO-C. 4. Some Lessons Learnt and Perspectives. 4.3: Simulation-Based Fault Injection and Testing Using the Mutation Technique. 1. Fault Injection Technique: Mutation Testing. 2. The Alien Tool. 3. Conclusion. 4.4: New Acceleration Techniques for