Eye Movement Disorders

There is perhaps no area of neuro-ophthalmology that is advancing more rapidly with respect to an understanding of its anatomy and physiology than the ocular motor system. For this reason, it is difficult not only to keep up with the latest information concerning the basic mechanisms involved in the control of eye movements but also to remain up to date regarding the pathophysiology of specific disorders of eye movement. The material in this book is derived from a two-day course on eye movements held in The Netherlands in 1986. The course was designed as an introduction to the normal ocular motor system and to disorders of eye movements and was aimed toward orthoptists, ophthalmolo­ gists, optometrists, neurologists, and neurosurgeons. The chapters in this book were compiled by a trio of experts in the field of eye movements and contain discussions of anatomy and physiology of the ocular motor system, techniques of examination of patients with diplopia, and pathophysiology of specific disorders of ocular motility. Many of the authors of these chapters are among the most active investigators of eye movements in the world today, and their comments thus reflect the latest information in the field. This text is both basic and com­ prehensive and thus has something for everyone, from the student just beginning a study of the ocular motor system to the seasoned 'veteran' who wishes to know the latest information regarding central ocular motor control mechanisms. Neil R.

Inhalt

Section I: Anatomy and physiology.- 1: Anatomy of the oculomotor system.- 2: The physiology of eye movement.- 3: Pathophysiology of horizontal and vertical eye movement disorders.- Section II: Clinical and paraclinical examination.- 4: Bedside examination.- 5: Orthoptic investigation of ocular motor disturbances.- 6: Fundamentals and basic properties of clinical eye movement recording techniques.- Section III: Ophthalmic causes of diplopia.- 7: Interocular causes of diplopia.- 8: Diplopia in concomitant strabismus and other disturbances of fusion.- 9: Diplopia resulting from mechanical causes in the orbit.- 10: Vascular causes of diplopia.- Section IV: Myogenic disorders.- 11: Histochemical fibre types in extra-ocular muscles.- 12: Ocular myopathies: syndromes with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO).- 13: Signs and symptoms of ocular myasthenia: a clinician's view.- 14: Blepharoptosis.- Section V: Neurology.- 15: The interpretation of nystagmus.- 16: Vestibular eye movement disorders.- 17: Disorders of horizontal and vertical gaze.- 18: Syndromes of the medial longitudinal fasciculus.- 19: Oculomotor disturbances in extra-pyramidal disorders: a review of the literature.- 20: Eye movement disorders caused by lesions of the cerebral hemispheres.- 21: Psychogenic eye movements.- Section VI: Treatment.- 22: The conservative management of diplopia.- 23: Eye muscle surgery in peripheral third, fourth and sixth nerve palsy.- 24: Treatment of disturbances of ocular motility and diplopia: causal and cosmetic therapeutical possibilities.- 25: Neurosurgical aspects of tumour induced diplopia.- Index of subjects.