The central theme of this book is the role of energetical factors in the regulation of human information processing activity. This is a restatement of one of the classic problems of psychology - that of acc­ ounting for motivational or intensive aspects of behaviour, as opposed to structural or directional aspects. The term "energetics" was first used in the 1930's by Freeman, Duffy and others, following Cannon's energy mobilization view of emotion and motivation. The original concept had a limited life, probably because of its unnecessary focus on relativ­ ely peripheral processes, but it provided the foundations for the con­ cepts of "arousal" and "activation" which became the popular motivational constructs of the 1950's and 1960's. Now, these too are found wanting. The original assumptions of a unitary, non-specific process based on activation of the brain stem reticular formation have been shown to be misleading. Current work in neurobiology has demonstrated evidence of discrete neurotransmitter systems having quite specific information processing functions, and central roles in the regulation of behaviour. Even the venerable curvilinear relationship between motivation and per­ formance (the Yerkes-Dodson law) has been shown to be, at best, an unhelpful oversimplification. On a different front psychophysiologists have found complex patterns in the response of different bodily systems to external stressors and to task demands.

Inhalt

Section I Introduction.- 1: Energetical Issues in Research on Human Information Processing.- 2: The Concept of Energy in Psychological Theory.- Section II Biological Foundations of Energetics.- 3: Computation, Control and Energetics: A Biological Perspective.- 4: Energetics and the Self-Regulation of Behaviour.- 5: Psychopharmacological and Neurobiological Aspects of the Energetics of Information Processing.- 6: The Orienting Response: A Combination of Informational and Energetical Aspects of Brain Function.- 7: Behavioural Efficiency: A Biological Link Between Informational and Energetic Processes.- 8: Responses to Stress: An Interdisciplinary Approach.- 9: On the Relation Between Energy Transformations in the Brain and Mental Activities.- Section III Stress, Effort and Task Performance.- 10: Energetical States Underlying Task Performance.- 11: Models and Paradigms in the Study of Stress Effects.- 12: The Concept and Measurement of Mental Effort.- 13: Do Cardiovascular Changes Indicate Energetic Support of Information Processing?.- 14: A State Model for Mental Effort.- 15: An Efficiency Model of Information Processing.- 16: Stress and Adaptability.- Section IV Individual Differences, Adaptation and Coping.- 17: Individual Differences in Anxiety, Cognition and Coping.- 18: Effort Regulation and Individual Differences in Effort Expenditure.- 19: A State Control Theory of Adaptation to Stress and Individual Differences in Stress Management.- 20: Some Effects of Everyday Moods and Possible Individual Differences in these Effects.- 21: The Verbal Approach to Energetics: Constructs and Individual Differences.- 22: Individual Differences in Respiration and Stress.- 23: Short-Term Adaptation to Stress and Task Demands: Covariation of Psychological and Physiological Manifestations.- Section V The Place of Energetics in Information Processing Theory.- 24: Integrating Energetic and Information Processing Concepts: Emotion from a Functional - Evolutionary Perspective.- 25: In Defence of Resources: On Structures, Energies, Pools and the Allocation of Attention.- 26: Gain and Energetics in Information Processing.- 27: Constraints on Cognitive Performance: Some Problems with and Alternatives to Resource Theory.- 28: Energetics of Attention and Alzheimer's Disease.- 29: Cognitive Psychophysiology and the Study of States and Processes.- 30: Energetical Aspects of Information Processing: Some Pretheoretical Issues.- Author Index.