Significant developments within the past few years have made possible the publication of this rather large volume focusing on specific emotions of human experience, such as interest, joy, anger, distress, fear, shame, shyness, and guilt. The relevant events include new evidence on the relationship of emotions to cognitive processes and to personality traits and defense mechanisms. They also include discoveries relating to the biological foundations of emotions and theory regarding their significance in human evolution. Finally, there have been important findings on the role of emotions and emotion expressions in social relations, pain, grief, and psychopathology. These developments are elaborated in the pages of this volume. The contributors represent the disciplines of clinical, social, and experi­ mental psychology, psychiatry, and psychoanalysis. The contributions show important common themes that cut across disciplines, but they also reflect some differences that invite further thought and research. Above all, they add to our knowledge of human emotions and to our ability to understand and resolve human problems. The Department of Psychology of the University of Delaware has pro­ vided an excellent intellectual climate for work on a volume that ranges across several specialities and disciplines. Conversations with colleagues in the offices and hallways of Wolf Hall have provided answers to many questions. They also yielded some questions that compelled me to seek greater clarification of an issue.

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Emotions in Personality and Psychopathology: An Introduction.- Emotions in Personality and Psychopathology: An Introduction.- I Moods, Traits, and Defense Mechanisms.- 1 Editor's Introduction.- Affect and Imagination in Play and Fantasy.- I. The Meaning and Functions of Imaginative Play.- (A) Examples of Imaginative Play.- (B) The Role of Make-Believe Play in Early Childhood.- (C) Affects and Imagination in Early Childhood.- II. Theoretical Relationships between Affect and Imagination.- (A) Cognitive Assimilation and Differentiated Affects.- (B) Thought and Affect Regulation.- (C) Fantasy in Child's Play.- III. Research Approaches to Studying Imagination.- (A) Projective Techniques.- (B) Observations of Spontaneous Play.- (C) Intervention Procedures.- IV. Some Recent Research Findings with Preschoolers.- V. Some Implications for Theory and Research.- References.- 2 Editor's Introduction.- Humor and Psychopathology.- I. Humorous Behavior and Its Psychopathology.- (A) Early Disturbances of Smiling and Laughing.- (B) Failures in Humor Appreciation.- (C) The Cognitive Component of the Humor Response.- (D) The Affective Component.- (E) Comic Action and Its Psychopathology.- II. Humor in Specific Psychopathological States.- (A) General Considerations.- (B) Organic States-Involuntary Laughter.- (C) Humor and Schizophrenia.- (D) Humor and Depression.- III. Conclusion.- References.- 3 Editor's Introduction.- Moods: Their Personal Dynamics and Significance.- I. Introduction.- II. The Nature and Significance of Affect.- III. Approaches to the Understanding of Moods.- (A) Moods as Dimensions of Behavioral Change.- (B) Moods as Cognitive-Affective Interactions.- (C) Moods as Subjective Experience.- (D) Moods as Psychodynamic Changes.- (E) Some Shared Perspectives and Their Implications.- IV. Aims and Methods in Studies of Mood and Personality.- (A) The Setting of Our Initial Studies.- (B) Research Aims and Strategies.- (C) The Personal Feeling Scales (PFS).- V. Changes in Normal Elation and Depression.- (A) Changes in Self and Ideal Concepts.- (B) Changes in Hostility and Responses to Frustration.- VI. Level and Variability of Elation-Depression Reports over Extended Periods.- (A) Hedonic Level and Variability.- (B) Independence of Hedonic Level and Variability.- (C) Absence of Regularity and Rhythm in Normal Mood Records.- (D) Elation-Depression as a Major Dimension of Mood.- VII. Individual Patterns of Affective Covariation.- VIII. Personality Characteristics of the Happy and the Unhappy.- IX. Personality Characteristics of the Stable and the Variable in Mood.- X. Conclusion.- References.- 4 Editor's Introduction.- The Meaning and Measurement of Guilt.- I. Introduction.- (A) A Construct Validational Approach.- (B) The Meaning of Guilt.- (C) The Measurement of Guilt.- II. Evidence of Construct Validity.- (A) Guilt and Behavioral Inhibition.- (B) Behavioral Inhibition in the Laboratory.- (C) Guilt and Moral Judgment.- (D) Guilt as Personality Disposition and as Affect.- (E) Guilt and Physiological Indices of Arousal.- III. Progress and Prospect.- (A) Successful Construct Validation.- (B) Limitations of the Inventories and the Construct Validational Approach.- (C) Future Research on Guilt.- References.- 5 Editor's Introduction.- The Personal and Social Dynamics of Shyness.- I. The Phenomenon of Shyness.- II. Stanford Shyness Survey.- I. Situations and Attributions.- II. Public versus Private Shyness.- V. Shyness and Assorted Pathologies.- (A) Political and Social Control . (B) Alcoholism . (C) Irrational Violence: Sudden Murderers . (D) Sexual Dysfunction.- VI. Shyness across Cultures.- VII. Treatment Implications.- References.- 6 Editor's Introduction.- Sensation Seeking and Risk Taking.- I. Theoretical Background.- (A) Theoretical Links with Psychopathology.- (B) Development of the Sensation Seeking Scales (SSS).- (C) Sensation Seeking as an Emotional State.- (D) Risk.- (E) Sensation Seeking in Normals.- (F) Development of State Scales for Sensation Seeking.- (G) The Relation between Novelty and Risk.- (H) Relationships between Risk Appraisal, Sensation-Seeking Trait, and Eysenck Dimensions.- (I) State Responses to Hypothetical Situations.- II. Sensation Seeking and Psychopathology.- (A) Psychopathic Personality and Delinquency . (B) Drug Abusers . (C) Mania . (D) Schizophrenia . (E) Phobias.- III. A Biological Theory of Sensation Seeking.- References.- 7 Editor's Introduction.- The Appetite Hypothesis of Emotions: A New Psychoanalytic Model of Motivation.- I. Introduction.- II. Classification.- III. Definition of a Wish.- IV. Three Components of Emotions.- V. General Characteristics of Appetites.- VI. Emotions as Appetites and Messages.- VII. Some Clinical Implications.- VIII. Some Social Implications.- IX. Phylogenetic Speculations.- X. Conclusion.- References.- 8 Editor's Introduction.- A Structural Theory of Ego Defenses and Emotions.- I. Defining and Measuring Ego Defenses.- (A) Variations in the Concept of Ego Defenses.- (B) Attempts to Measure Defense Mechanisms.- (C) Development of an Initial Model.- (D) Constructing an Ego Defense Scale: Rationale.- II. Study I: Development of a Preliminary Self-Report Defense Mechanisms Test.- III. Study II: Clinicians' Conceptions of Ego Defenses in Relation to Diagnoses.- IV. Study III: A Factor Analysis of Correlations among Defense Mechanism Scales.- V. Study IV: Clinicians' Ratings of the Appropriateness of Items.- VI. Study V: Ratings of Developmental Level of Ego Defenses.- VII. Study VI: A Comparison of Schizophrenics and Normals on the Life Style Index.- VIII. Study VII: Ego Defenses in Relation to Self-Esteem and Anxiety.- IX. Study VIII: Similarity Ratings of Defense Mechanisms: A Direct Estimation Method.- X. Study IX: Similarity Ratings of Defense Mechanisms: A Semantic Differential Comparison.- XI. A Theoretical Model for Defense Mechanisms.- XII. Conclusion.- References.- II Pain, Anxiety, Grief, and Depression.- 9 Editor's Introduction.- Emotion, Pain, and Physical Illness.- I. The Role of Emotion in Pain and Illness.- II. Models of Pain and Emotion.- (A) Sensory Model of Pain.- (B) Sequential Components (Sensation and Emotion) Model.- (C) A Parallel Processing Model of Pain Distress.- III. Applications to Distress Reduction during Medical Treatment.- IV. Conclusion.- References.- 10 Editor's Introduction.- A Neuropsychological Theory of Anxiety.- I. Learning Theory Background.- II…