Electrically Conductive Polymers and Polymer Composites

A comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the latest research trends in conductive polymers and polymer hybrids, summarizing recent achievements. The book begins by introducing conductive polymer materials and their classification, while subsequent chapters discuss the various syntheses, resulting properties and up-scaling as well as the important applications in biomedical and biotechnological fields, including biosensors and biodevices. The whole is rounded off by a look at future technological advances. The result is a well-structured, essential reference for beginners as well as experienced researchers.

Autorentext

*Anish Khan is assistant professor in the Chemistry Department, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah in Saudi Arabia. He obtained his PhD degree from the Aligarh Muslim University in Aligarh, India, in 2010. Dr. Khan has authored more than 100 research papers and 6 books. His research interest include synthetic polymers and organic-inorganic electrically conducting nano-composites, as well as their applications in electro-analytical and materials chemistry. **Mohammad Jawaid is associate professor at the Biocomposite Technology Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, in Malaysia as well as visiting professor at the Department of Chemical Engineering, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia since June 2013. He obtained his PhD degree from the Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia. He has more than 10 years of experience in teaching, research, and industries. His current research interests include hybrid reinforced and filled polymer composites, fire retardants, lignocellulosic fibres and solid wood, as well as nanocomposites and nanocellulose fibres. Dr. Jawaid has published 11 Books, 27 Book Chapters, and has authored more than 190 Scientific Peer-reviewed Journal Articles. **Aftab Aslam Parwaz Khan is assistant professor in the Chemistry Department, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah in Saudi Arabia. He obtained his PhD degree from the Aligarh Muslim University in Aligarh, India. Professor Parwaz Khan has authored more than 80 publications and 2 books. His research interests include the preparation and characterization of nanomaterials as well as their applications drug delivery systems. **Abdullah Mohammed Ahmed Asiri is professor of the Chemistry Department, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah in Saudi Arabia. He obtained his PhD degree from the University of Walls College of Cardiff, U.K., in 1995. His research interests include the synthesis of photochromic and thermochromic systems as well as their applications in materials science, such as OLEDS and high performance organic dyes and pigments. He is member of editorial board of wide variety of journals, has authored more than 100 scientific publications, 6 books and has 2 patents on his name*

Inhalt
About the Editors xiii

Preface xvii

**1 Bioinspired Polydopamine and Composites for Biomedical Applications 1
**Ziyauddin Khan, Ravi Shanker, Dooseung Um, Amit Jaiswal, and Hyunhyub Ko

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Synthesis of Polydopamine 2

1.2.1 Polymerization of Polydopamine 2

1.2.2 Synthesis of Polydopamine Nanostructures 3

1.3 Properties of Polydopamine 5

1.3.1 General Properties of Polydopamine 5

1.3.2 Electrical Properties of Polydopamine 6

1.3.2.1 Amorphous Semiconductor Model (ASM) of Melanin Conductivity 7

1.3.2.2 Spin Muon Resonance Model (SMRM) of Melanin Conductivity 8

1.4 Applications of Polydopamine 10

1.4.1 Biomedical Applications of Polydopamine 11

1.4.1.1 Drug Delivery 11

1.4.1.2 Tissue Engineering 12

1.4.1.3 Antimicrobial Applications 12

1.4.1.4 Bioimaging 15

1.4.1.5 Cell Adhesion and Proliferation 16

1.4.1.6 Cancer Therapy 16

1.5 Conclusion and Future Prospectives 21

References 23

**2 Multifunctional Polymer-Dilute Magnetic Conductor and Bio-Devices 31
**Imran Khan, Weqar A. Siddiqui, Shahid P. Ansari, Shakeel Khan, Mohammad Mujahid Ali khan, Anish Khan, and Salem A. Hamid

2.1 Introduction 31

2.2 Magnetic Semiconductor-Nanoparticle-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 34

2.3 Types of Magnetic Semiconductor Nanoparticles 34

2.3.1 Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles 34

2.3.2 Ferrites 35

2.3.3 Dilute Magnetic Semiconductors 36

2.3.4 Manganites 37

2.4 Synthetic Strategies for Composite Materials 37

2.4.1 Physical Methods 38

2.4.2 Chemical Methods 40

2.4.2.1 In Situ Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles and Polymer Nanocomposites 40

2.4.2.2 In Situ Polymerization in the Presence of Magnetic Nanoparticles 41

2.5 Biocompatibility of Polymer/Semiconductor-Particle-Based Nanocomposites and Their Products for Biomedical Applications 42

2.5.1 Biocompatibility 42

2.6 Biomedical Applications 43

References 43

**3 PolymerInorganic Nanocomposite and Biosensors 47
**Anish Khan, Aftab Aslam Parwaz Khan, Abdullah M. Asiri, Salman A. Khan, Imran Khan, and Mohammad Mujahid Ali Khan

3.1 Introduction 47

3.2 Nanocomposite Synthesis 48

3.3 Properties of Polymer-Based Nanocomposites 48

3.3.1 Mechanical Properties 48

3.3.2 Thermal Properties 51

3.4 Electrical Properties 52

3.5 Optical Properties 53

3.6 Magnetic Properties 54

3.7 Application of PolymerInorganic Nanocomposite in Biosensors 54

3.7.1 DNA Biosensors 54

3.7.2 Immunosensors 58

3.7.3 Aptamer Sensors 61

3.8 Conclusions 62

References 63

**4 Carbon Nanomaterial-Based Conducting Polymer Composites for Biosensing Applications 69
**Mohammad O. Ansari

4.1 Introduction 69

4.2 Biosensor: Features, Principle, Types, and Its Need in Modern-Day Life 70

4.2.1 Important Features of a Successful Biosensor 71

4.2.2 Types of Biosensors 71

4.2.2.1 Calorimetric Biosensors 71

4.2.2.2 Potentiometric Biosensors 72

4.2.2.3 Acoustic Wave Biosensors 72

4.2.2.4 Amperometric Biosensors 72

4.2.2.5 Optical Biosensors 72

4.2.3 Need for Biosensors 72

4.3 Common Carbon Nanomaterials and Conducting Polymers 73

4.3.1 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) and Graphene (GN) 73

4.3.2 Conducting Polymers 73

4.4 Processability of CNTs and GN with Conducting Polymers, Chemical Interactions, and Mode of Detection for Biosensing 74

4.5 PANI Composites with CNT and GN for Biosensing Applications 75

4.5.1 Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) Sensors 75

4.5.2 Glucose Biosensors 76

4.5.3 Cholesterol Biosensors 77 4.5.4 Nucleic Acid Biosensors 78</p&gt...