This book explores the concept of ecocide and critically assesses how the criminalisation of serious harm against the environment fits within international criminal law broadly construed. To this end, the book's chapters address four key questions: what constitutes ecocide, how can it be prosecuted, where should it be prosecuted, and who are its perpetrators and victims? In addition to more practice-focused chapters, including case studies on the Netherlands and Ukraine, the publication analyses and challenges fundamental conceptual issues, including the binary opposition between 'anthropocentrism' and 'ecocentrism' in the ecocide discourse. The reader is confronted with and forced to reflect on intriguing questions such as: is it fair to only prosecute representatives of large business corporations and state officials, while letting consumers of polluting products off the hook? And does the legal framework of the International Criminal Court (ICC) allow for the recognition of nonhumans, such as the environment, as victims of ecocide?

This edited volume is interesting for students, teachers, scholars, practitioners, policymakers and legislators. It aims to assist in fleshing out crucial parameters in the lead-up to the potential inclusion of the fifth core international crime in the Rome Statute of the ICC, as well as in relation to efforts to criminalise ecocide at the national level - both of which have gained unprecedented momentum in recent times.

Laura Burgers is an Assistant Professor at the Amsterdam Centre for Transformative Private Law of the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands.

Merle Kooijman is a PhD Researcher and Lecturer at the Amsterdam Center for Criminal Justice of the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands.

Stavros Evdokimos Pantazopoulos is a Teaching Fellow at the School of Law of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens in Greece.

Christophe Paulussen is a Senior Researcher in the Research Department of the T.M.C. Asser Institute in The Hague in the Netherlands.