Manual of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care Medicine

Manual of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care Medicine,
Second Edition presents essential information on common
emergencies in small animals using a concise, practical outline
format. Offering a thorough update to this classic reference,
the new edition provides new chapters on orthopedic injuries and
wound management, significant revisions to the treatment protocols,
and expanded toxicology information, as well as new references and
drug information. The book retains its logical division into two
parts, the first covering initial stabilization and the second
offering a systems approach to specific conditions.

As in the previous edition, chapters are extensively indexed and
cross-referenced to facilitate ease of use in emergency situations.
With many formulas, tables, drug dosages, and illustrations,
Manual of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care Medicine
is an indispensable, convenient resource for busy emergency
clinicians, whether they are new graduates or seasoned
professionals.

Autorentext

Douglass K. Macintire was previously Director of Intensive
Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Small Animal
Surgery and Medicine, Auburn University and a Diplomate of ACVIM
and ACVECC.

Kenneth J. Drobatz is Director, Trauma Emergency Service,
and Professor and Chief of Critical Care, Matthew J. Ryan
Veterinary Hospital, University of Pennsylvania, and a Diplomate of
ACVIM and ACVECC.

Steven C. Haskins is Director, Small Animal Intensive
Care Unit, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of
California, Davis and is a Diplomate of ACVA and ACVECC.

William D. Saxon is Telemedicine Consultant, IDEXX and a
Diplomate of ACVIM and ACVECC.

Zusammenfassung
Manual of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Second Edition presents essential information on common emergencies in small animals using a concise, practical outline format. Offering a thorough update to this classic reference, the new edition provides new chapters on orthopedic injuries and wound management, significant revisions to the treatment protocols, and expanded toxicology information, as well as new references and drug information. The book retains its logical division into two parts, the first covering initial stabilization and the second offering a systems approach to specific conditions. As in the previous edition, chapters are extensively indexed and cross-referenced to facilitate ease of use in emergency situations. With many formulas, tables, drug dosages, and illustrations, Manual of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care Medicine is an indispensable, convenient resource for busy emergency clinicians, whether they are new graduates or seasoned professionals.

Inhalt

Contributors x

Preface to the First Edition xi

Preface to the Second Edition xii

Acknowledgments xiii

Part I Life Support and Initial Stabilization, Monitoring, and Intensive Care of the Critically Ill patient 1

**1 Approach to the Emergency Patient 3
**Steve C. Haskins and Douglass K. Macintire

Initial Preparation and Management 3

The Primary Survey: Initial Examination to Identify Life-Threatening Problems 4

Brief History 12

Thorough Secondary Survey 12

**2 Emergency Room Readiness 17
**Steve C. Haskins and Douglass K. Macintire

Being Prepared 17

Equipment Recommendations 17

Recommended Supplies 18

Recommended Drugs 19

**3 Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation (CPCR) 21
**Steve C. Haskins

Causes 21

Clinical Signs 21

The Nature of Cell Injury During Cardiac Arrest 21

Prognosis/General Recommendations 22

Treatment 22

Electrical Activity of the Heart 27

Postresuscitative Care 28

**4 Shock 30
**Steve C. Haskins

Definition 30

Categories of Shock 30

Systemic Inflammatory Response 30

Multiple Organ Dysfunction 31

Monitoring and Identifying Treatment Opportunities 31

Treatment of Shock with Special Emphasis on Septic Shock and MODS 31

Treatment of Anaphylactic Shock 40

**5 Anesthesia and Analgesia 41
**Steve C. Haskins

Overview of Anesthesia in Critically Ill Patients 41

Guidelines for Anesthesia in Critically Ill Patients 42

Specific Drugs Used for Anesthesia in Critical Patients 44

Anesthesia Concerns and Protocols for Common Conditions 54

Overview of Analgesia 57

Analgesia Drugs and Techniques 58

**6 Fluid Therapy 63
**Steve C. Haskins and Douglass K. Macintire

Body Fluid Compartments 63

Crystalloid Solutions 65

Colloid Solutions 69

Specific Conditions Requiring Fluid Therapy 75

**7 Monitoring 85
**Steve C. Haskins

Cardiovascular Monitoring 85

Respiratory Monitoring 102

Urologic Monitoring 106

Neurologic Monitoring 109

**8 Nutritional Support of Critical Patients 116
**Steve C. Haskins

Acute Malnutrition 116

Methods and Procedures of Providing Enteral Nutrition 117

Methods and Procedures of Providing Parenteral Nutrition 132

Nutrition as an Aid to Medical Therapy (Pharmaconutrition) 134

Part II Specific Protocols and Procedures for Emergency Conditions 137

**9 Respiratory Emergencies 139
**Kenneth J. Drobatz and Douglass K. Macintire

General Approach/Methods of Oxygen Delivery 139

Upper Airway Obstruction (Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea) 142

Pleural Space Disease 154

Lower Airway Disease 171

Parenchymal Disease 179

Cyanosis 185

Mechanical Ventilation 185

**10 Cardiac Emergencies 192
**Douglass K. Macintire

Clinical Signs 192

Diagnosis 193

Diagnostic and Monitoring Procedures 193

Management of Specific Conditions 199

**11 Gastrointestinal Emergencies 226
**Douglass K. Macintire

Clinical Signs, Diagnosis 226

Diagnostic and Monitoring Procedures 226

Management of Specific Conditions 231

**12 Urologic Emergencies 269
**Kenneth J. Drobatz and William D. Saxon

Clinical Signs, Diagnosis 269

Diagnostic and Monitoring Procedures 270 Management of Specific Conditions ...