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Deals with all aspects of adaptive resemblance
Full colour
Covers everything from classic examples of Batesian, Mullerian, aggressive and sexual mimicries through to human behavioural and microbial molecular deceptions
Highlights areas where additonal work or specific exeprimentation could be fruitful
Includes, animals, plants, micro-organisms and humans
Autorentext
Donald L.J. Quicke retired in 2013 to live in Thailand where he is a Visiting Professor at Chulalongkorn University. Hestudied zoology at Oxford University where he became especially interested in mimicry. In 1976 he travelled to Kenya to experience tropical biodiversity and more of the diversity of life and his work there on insect coloration fertilised his interests as well as on parasitoid wasps, another of his many passions. From then on he kept abreast of the increasingly experimental and theoretical developments in the field even though his academic research took him in diverse other directions. Having now retired he has been able devote his time, in addition to bird watching and butterfly photography, to synthesising and extending his interest in this topic. Mimicry, Crypsis, Masquerade and other Adaptive Resemblances is the result of this work.
Klappentext
Mimicry, Crypsis, Masquerade and other Adaptive Resemblances synthesises the wide range of adaptations of living organisms that are the result of natural selection favouring an appearance that resembles some other organism or inanimate object. The book covers a wide range of examples, most from animals and plants, but fungi, protists, bacteria and even viruses, are discussed, and even some human aspects are included to illustrate the enormous range of the topic. Many different modalities of resemblance are involved, such as behavour, coloration, shading, texture, bioluminescence, structure, chemistry and sound. The author explores the results of the growing number of experimental tests that have been conducted in the field, explaining key models and experimental set-ups in an accessible manner.
The book is beautifully illustrated in full colour throughout with hundreds of photos of animals and plants, but also includes many graphs that illustrate research findings, and some mathematical equations and models that explore and explain the depths of evolution's complexities. Mimicry, Crypsis, Masquerade and other Adaptive Resemblances:
Zusammenfassung
Deals with all aspects of adaptive resemblance
Inhalt
Preface, xiii
A comment on statistics, xv
A comment on scientific names, xvi
Acknowledgements, xvii
1 INTRODUCTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF MIMICRY SYSTEMS, 1
A brief history, 2
On definitions of 'mimicry' and adaptive resemblance, 3
The concept of 'adaptive resemblance', 8
The classification of mimicry systems, 9
Wickler's system, 9
VaneWright's system, 10
Georges Pasteur (19302015), 11
Other approaches, 13
Endler, 13
Zabka & Tembrock, 13
Maran, 14
Mimicry as demonstration of evolution, 14
2 CAMOUFLAGE: CRYPSIS AND DISRUPTIVE COLOURATION IN ANIMALS, 19
Introduction, 20
Distinguishing crypsis from masquerade, 20
Crypsis examples, 24
Countershading, 24
Experimental tests of concealment by countershading, 27
Bioluminescent counterillumination, 28
Background matching, 29
Visual sensitivity of predators, 30
To make a perfect match or compromise, 31
Colour polymorphism, 32
Seasonal colour polymorphism, 32
Butterfly pupal colour polymorphism, 32
Winter pelage: pelts and plumage, 35
Melanism, 37
Industrial melanism, 37
Fire melanism, 40
Background selection, 41
Orientation and positioning, 43
Transparency, 45
Reflectance and silvering, 47
Adaptive colour change, 49
Caterpillars and food plant colouration, 50
Daily and mediumpaced changes, 54
Rapid colour change, 56
Chameleons, 56
Cephalopod chromatophores and dermal papillae, 57
Bird eggs and their backgrounds, 58
Disguising your eyes, 61
Disruptive and distractive markings, 61
Edgeintercepting patches, 61
Distractive markings, 63
Zebra stripes and tsetse flies, 66
Stripes and motion dazzle more zebras, kraits and tigers, 69
Computer graphics experiments with human subjects, 69
Observations on real animals, 69
Comparative analysis, 71
Dual signals, 72
Protective crypsis in nonvisual modalities, 73
Apostatic and antiapostatic selection, 73
Search images, 74
Experimental tests of search image, 76
Gestalt perception, 76
Effect of cryptic prey variability, 77
Reflexive selection and aspect diversity, 77
Searching for cryptic prey mathematical models, 80
Ontogenetic changes and crypsis, 81
Hiding the evidence, 82
Petiole clipping by caterpillars, 82
Exogenous crypsis, 82
Military camouflage and masquerade, 85
3 CAMOUFLAGE: MASQUERADE, 87
Introduction, 88
Classic examples, 88
Twigs as models, 88
Leaves (alive or dead) as models, 88
Bird dropping resemblances, 89
Spider web stabilimenta, 93
Tubeworms, etc., 94
Experimental tests of survival value of masquerade, 94
Ontogenetic changes and masquerade, 97
Thanatosis (death feigning), 97
Feign or flee? The tradeoffs of thanatosis, 100
Other aspects of death mimicry, 100
Seedless seeds and seedless fruit, 100
4 APOSEMATISM AND ITS EVOLUTION, 103
Introduction, 104
Initial evolution of aposematism, 108
Associations of unpalatable experience with place, 109
Mathematical models and ideas of warning colouration evolution, 112
Kin selection models, 112
Green beard selection, 112
Family selection models, 113
Individual selection models, 113
Spatial models and metapopulations, 116
Handicap and signal honesty, 117
Early warnings reflex bleeding, vomiting and other noxious secretions, 120 <...