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The fun and easy way to get down to business with statistics
Stymied by statistics? No fear? this friendly guide offers clear, practical explanations of statistical ideas, techniques, formulas, and calculations, with lots of examples that show you how these concepts apply to your everyday life.
Statistics For Dummies shows you how to interpret and critique graphs and charts, determine the odds with probability, guesstimate with confidence using confidence intervals, set up and carry out a hypothesis test, compute statistical formulas, and more.
Tracks to a typical first semester statistics course
Updated examples resonate with today's students
Explanations mirror teaching methods and classroom protocol
Packed with practical advice and real-world problems, Statistics For Dummies gives you everything you need to analyze and interpret data for improved classroom or on-the-job performance.
Autorentext
Deborah J. Rumsey, PhD, is Professor of Statistics and Statistics Education Specialist at The Ohio State University. She is the author of Statistics Workbook For Dummies, Statistics II For Dummies, and Probability For Dummies.
Zusammenfassung
The fun and easy way to get down to business with statistics Stymied by statistics? No fear? this friendly guide offers clear, practical explanations of statistical ideas, techniques, formulas, and calculations, with lots of examples that show you how these concepts apply to your everyday life.
Statistics For Dummies shows you how to interpret and critique graphs and charts, determine the odds with probability, guesstimate with confidence using confidence intervals, set up and carry out a hypothesis test, compute statistical formulas, and more.
Inhalt
Introduction 1
About This Book 1
Conventions Used in This Book 2
What You're Not to Read 3
Foolish Assumptions 3
How This Book Is Organized 3
Part 1: Vital Statistics about Statistics 3
Part 2: Number-Crunching Basics 4
Part 3: Distributions and the Central Limit Theorem 4
Part 4: Guesstimating and Hypothesizing with Confidence 4
Part 5: Statistical Studies and the Hunt for a Meaningful Relationship 5
Part 6: The Part of Tens 5
Icons Used in This Book 6
Where to Go from Here 6
Part 1: Vital Statistics About Statistics 7
Chapter 1: Statistics in a Nutshell 9
Thriving in a Statistical World 10
Designing Appropriate Studies 11
Surveys 11
Experiments 12
Collecting Quality Data 13
Selecting a good sample 13
Avoiding bias in your data 14
Creating Effective Summaries 14
Descriptive statistics 15
Charts and graphs 15
Determining Distributions 16
Performing Proper Analyses 17
Margin of error and confidence intervals 18
Hypothesis tests 19
Correlation, regression, and two-way tables 20
Drawing Credible Conclusions 21
Reeling in overstated results 21
Questioning claims of cause and effect 21
Becoming a Sleuth, Not a Skeptic 22
Chapter 2: The Statistics of Everyday Life 23
Statistics and the Media: More Questions than Answers? 24
Probing popcorn problems 24
Venturing into viruses 24
Comprehending crashes 25
Mulling malpractice 26
Belaboring the loss of land 26
Scrutinizing schools 27
Studying sports 28
Banking on business news 28
Touring the travel news 29
Surveying sexual stats 29
Breaking down weather reports 30
Musing about movies 30
Highlighting horoscopes 31
Using Statistics at Work 31
Delivering babies and information 31
Posing for pictures 32
Poking through pizza data 32
Statistics in the office 33
Chapter 3: Taking Control: So Many Numbers, So Little Time 35
Detecting Errors, Exaggerations, and Just Plain Lies 36
Checking the math 36
Uncovering misleading statistics 37
Looking for lies in all the right places 44
Feeling the Impact of Misleading Statistics 44
Chapter 4: Tools of the Trade 47
Statistics: More than Just Numbers 47
Grabbing Some Basic Statistical Jargon 49
Data 50
Data set 51
Variable 51
Population 51
Sample, random, or otherwise 52
Statistic 54
Parameter 54
Bias 55
Mean (Average) 55
Median 56
Standard deviation 56
Percentile 57
Standard score 57
Distribution and normal distribution 58
Central Limit Theorem 59
z-values 60
Experiments 60
Surveys (Polls) 62
Margin of error 62
Confidence interval 63
Hypothesis testing 64
p-values 65
Statistical significance 66
Correlation versus causation 67
Part 2: Number-Crunching Basics 69
Chapter 5: Means, Medians, and More 71
Summing Up Data with Descriptive Statistics 71
Crunching Categorical Data: Tables and Percents 72
Measuring the Center with Mean and Median 75
Averaging out to the mean 75
Splitting your data down the median 77
Comparing means and medians: Histograms 78
Accounting for Variation 80
Reporting the standard deviation 81
Being out of range 84 <p...