Coronaviruses have emerged during the past ten years from being a group of viruses causing a variety of minor veterinary and human diseases to a major virus group of both clinical significance and molecular biological interest. Against this background, two international coronavirus symposia were held in 1980 and 1983. In recent years, the pace of coronavirus research has been quickened even more by infusion of recombinant DNA technology and establishment of various animal model systems to study the pathogenesis and immunology of coronavirus infections. We therefore organized the Third International Coronavirus Symposium held at Asilomar, California in September 1986, which was attended by more than 120 participants representing a cross section of both academia and industry. This symposium provided an exciting and stimulating forum for assessing the progress made since the last triennial symposium in Netherlands and to suggest the directions for future efforts. This volume collects the scientific papers presented in this symposium. Three loosely defined areas, Molecular biology, Virus-Cell Interaction and Viral Pathogenesis, are separated. These papers very nicely summarize the current status of coronavirus research. They contain a large amount of sequence data, including the complete sequence of a 27 Kb coronavirus genome, a novel mechanism of mRNA synthesis that is unique to coronviruses, and many exciting aspects of coronavirus pathogenesis and immunology. Reflecting the growing interest in the preparation of vaccines, several papers also address the issues related to coronavirus vaccines, which is an area new to this symposium. Dr.
Inhalt
Review: Coronaviruses: a Historical Perspective.- Molecular Biology of Coronaviruses.- Overview: Molecular Biology of Coronaviruses 1986.- The Complete Nucleotide Sequence of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus: Analysis of the Polymerase-coding Region.- Sequence and Structure of the Coronavirus Peplomer Protein.- Identification of the Coronavirus MHV-JHM mRNA 4 Gene Product Using Fusion Protein Antisera.- Identification of a New Gene Product Encoded by mRNA D of Infectious Bronchitis Virus.- Expression of Porcine Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus Genes in E. Coli as B-Galactosidase Chimaeric Proteins.- Sequences Involved in the Replication of Coronaviruses.- Murine Coronavirus 5?-end Genomic RNA Sequence Reveals Mechanism of Leader-Primed Transcription.- Expression of the E1 Gene of Mouse Hepatitis Virus (MHV A59) In Vivo and In Vitro.- RNA Recombination of Coronavirus.- Surface Glycoproteins of Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus: Functions and Gene Sequence.- Nucleotide Sequence of the Porcine Transmissible Gastroenteritis Coronavirus Matrix Protein Gene.- Deduced Amino Acid Sequence and Potential O-Glycosylation Sites for the Bovine Coronavirus Matrix Protein.- Glycosylation of the Bovine Coronavirus Hemagglutinin Protein.- Studies Into the Mechanism of MHV Transcription.- Expression of IBV Spike Protein by a Vaccina Virus Recombinant.- Translation and Processing of MHV-A59 Virion RNA in Retriculocyte Lysates and Infected Cells.- Temporal Regulation of RNA Synthesis of Bovine Coronavirus.- Virus-Cell Interaction.- Temperature-Sensitive Mutants of MHV-A59.- Characterization of a Small Plaque Mutant of the A59 Strain of Mouse Hepatitis Virus Defective in Cell Fusion.- The Role of Protease-Dependent Cell Membrane Fusion in Persistent and Lytic Infections of Murine Hepatitis Virus.- Defective Interfering Particles of Coronavirus.- Identification of a Receptor for Mouse Hepatitis Virus.- Analysis and Pathogenetic Significance of Class II MHC (Ia) Antigen Induction on Astrocytes During JHM Coronavirus Infection in Rats.- Expression of MHC Class I Genes in Mouse Hepatitis Virus (MHV-A59) Infection and in Multiple Sclerosis.- In-Vivo and In-Vitro Models of Demyelinating Diseases, XX: Replication of Coronaviruses in Primary Neural Cultures from Genetically Resistant and Susceptible Mice.- Differential Effects of MHV-4 Infection of Astrocytes and Oligodendrocytes In Vitro.- In Vivo and In Vitro Models of Demyelinating Disease, XXI: Relationship between Differentiation of Rat Oligodendrocytes and Control of JHMV Replication.- Characterization of a Non-Pathogenic MHV3 Variant Derived from a Persistently Infected Lymphoid Cell Line.- Are Differences in Biological Properties of MHV Associated with Differences in Specific Regions of their Nucleocapsid mRNA?.- Influence of the Cell Cycle on the Infectious Titer of Murine Hepatitis Virus, Strain A59.- Characterization of Temperature-Sensitive Mutants of Mouse Hepatitis Virus Type 3.- A Cell Line Defective in Murine Coronavirus Internalization.- Regulation of Persistent Infections with Human Coronavirus OC43.- Development of Rapid Assay for Screening Compounds for Antiviral Activity Against RNA Viruses.- Pathogenesis and Immunology.- Overview: Biology of Coronaviruses 1986.- Molecular Determinants of CNS Virulence of MHV-4.- Maternal Antibody-Modulated MHV-JHM Infection in C57BL/6 and Balb/c Mice.- Coronavirus JHM Induced Demyelinating Disease: Specific Domains on the E2-Protein are Associated with Neurovirulence.- Increased Hepatotropism of Mutants of MHV, Strain JHM, Selected with Monoclonal Antibodies.- Pathogenic Characteristics of Neutralization-Resistant Variants of JHM Coronavirus (MHV-4).- Characterization of JHMV Variants Isolated from Rat Brain and Cultured Neural Cells after Wild Type JHMV Infection.- Critical Epitopes in Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus Neutralization.- Protective Effect of the F(ab?)2 Fragments of Monoclonal Antibodies to Mouse Hepatitis Virus.- Intrathecal Humoral Immune Response in Coronavirus-Induced Encephalomyelitis of Lewis and BN Rats.- In Vivo and In Vitro Models of Demyelinating Disease, XXIII: Infection by. JHM Virus of Athymic Rats.- Characterization of Mouse Hepatitis Virus-Reactive T Cell Clones.- Immune Mediated Clearance of JHM Virus from the Central Nervous System.- Susceptibility to Mouse Hepatitis Virus Strain 3 in Balb/CJ Mice: Failure of Immune Cell Proliferation and Interleukin 2 Production.- Coronavirus and Multiple Sclerosis: Results of a Case/Control Longitudinal Serological Study.- Selective Tropism of MHV3 for CNS Cells and Consequences of MHV3 Infection on CNS Cell Activities.- Neuropathogenicity of Mutant Strains of Mouse Hepatitis Virus, la and 2c, from DBT Cells Persistently Infected with JHM Strain.- Coronavirus SD-induced Immunoregulatory Disturbances in a Murine Model of Demyelination.- Intranasal Challenge Immunity of Mice to Antigenically Homologous and Heterologous Strains of Mouse Hepatitis Virus.- Infection and Involution of Mouse thymus By MHV-4.- Genetically-determined Sensitivity to MHV3 Infections is Expressed In Vitro in Lymphoid Cells and Macrophages.- Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) Alters the Pathogenesis of MHV-3 Infection in Susceptible Balb/CJ Mice.- Effect of Cyclosporin A on MHV3-induced Chronic CNS Infection in Mice.- Resistance to Murine Hepatitis Virus Strain 3 (MHV-3) Infection in A/J Mice is not Affected by Cyclosporin A (CSA).- Monoclonal Antibodies to Two Bovine Coronavirus Glycoproteins Neutralize Virus Infectivity.- Antibody Response in Swine to Individual Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus (TGEV) Proteins.- The Neutralization Epitopes on the Spike Protein of Infectious Bronchitis Virus and their Antigenic Variation.- Complement-Dependent Neutralization of Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus by Moncolonal Antibodies.- Properties of Coronavirus IBV After Removal of the S1 Subunit of the Spike Glycoprotein.- Identification of Epitopes of Immunological Importance on the Peplomer of Porcine Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus.- Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies to Human Coronavirus OC43.- Relatedness of Rabbit Coronavirus to other Coronaviruses.- Virologic and Immunologic Aspects of Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus Infection.- Stratagies for a Successful Coronavirus (T…