Educational technology in the broadest sense is knowledge and competence forimproving the educational process: for using hardware (equipment), software (methods), and "underware" (underlying organizational structures). This volume in the Special Programme on Advanced Educational Technology presents the results of a NATO Advanced Research Workshop on educational systems design as a new educational technology. The objective of the workshop was toadvance our knowledge about the comprehensive systems design approach for improving educational systems. The workshop was organized for the transdisciplinary interaction of three scientific groups representing design science, organizational/systems science, and educationaltechnology. Participants were selected based on their scholarship as members of one or more of these three groups. The book opens with theframing papers sent by the editors to participants prior to the workshop, then presents five sets of thematic contributions: the conceptual and empirical contexts of comprehensive systems design, the systems design focus, a systems view of designing educational systems, the educational context of systems design, and high technology focus in systems design.

Inhalt

Systems Design: A Creative Response to the Current Educational Predicament.- Principles of Educational Systems Design.- Structuring the Program of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop: An Architecture of Decision-Oriented Disciplined Enquiry.- Education as a Process of Increasing Access to Societal Resources: Design and Methodology.- Human Learning and Its Relation to Evolution and Needs Satisfaction: Implications for the Design of Educational Systems.- The Empirical Grounding of System Performance Measurements.- The Designing Community: A Learning Community.- Definition of Education and Meta-Design of Educational Systems.- Assessing the Adequacy of a Social System Design.- Design Inquiry as an Intellectual Technology for the Design of Educational Systems.- The Evolution of a Design Approach: A Historical Perspective and Its Relevance to the Design of Educational Systems.- Surrendering to the Environment in Educational System Design.- 'Jumping Out' of the Existing System During Design Genesis: Penetrating the Anxiety Barrier.- Designing Value-Based Educational Systems.- Retrospective Design Analysis: A New Educational Technology.- The Application of Systems Thinking to the Design of Educational Systems.- A Systems-Approach Knowledge Base for Education.- Approaches and Methods of Systems Design: Critical Pedagogy.- A Systems View of Restructuring Education.- Openness in a General Process Model for Systems Design in Education.- School Reform Movements: Tinkering with the System.- Characteristics of Educational Systems and Their Development: A Contribution to Understanding Differences in System in Europe and the United States.- Applying Systems Theory Through the Lens of Learning: What Does Learning Research Say?.- The Next Step in Educational Systems Design: Some Contributions From Learning Systems Design.- Learning Systems: Is There a Need for Change?.- Systems Design Guidelines for Change.- A Conceptual Framework for Systems Design of Education.- Hypersystems: A Base for Specification of Computer-Supported Self-Learning Social Systems.- New Educational Technologies Cannot be Fully Integrated in Existing Educational Systems.- Educational Technology Planning: Scanning the North American K-12 Education Environment.- Index of Authors.