Combating Aeolian Desertification in Northeast Asia

This book presents the definition of aeolian desertification and uncovers its processes, driving factors, and consequences, and focuses on measures to effectively combat aeolian desertification in Northeast Asia.Aeolian desertification in Northeast Asia is of great concern for its destructive influences on the environment and society not only in the local but also in faraway areas. The topics of this book are addressed by compiling theoretical review, remote sensing monitoring, synoptic analysis, and laboratory and field studies in China, Japan, and Mongolia.

This is the first comprehensive book to address the aeolian desertification in Northeast Asia. Readers can learn the basic theory of aeolian desertification and the primary causes of this environmental problem. More critical is the successful practical countermeasures to combat desertification which can be referred to by various stakeholders who concern the aeolian desertification in Northeast Asia.

To meet theSustainable Development Goals of the United Nations adopted in 2015, especially its Goal 15.3 to achieve a land degradation-neutral world by 2030, desertification combating actions should be taken cross country borders. This book is not only intended for environmental professionals but also for people who are affected and concerned about desertification and land degradation. The concept and processes in this book will serve as a ready reference to understand the aeolian desertification with countermeasures and successful preventing stories that can be referred to.

Autorentext

Dr. Tao WANG is a professor at Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CSA). He obtained his doctoral degree from Lanzhou Institute of Desert Research, CAS. He has been at the forefront of aeolian desertification and disaster research and control since 1983, and obtained encouraging results on the status, causes, blown sand physics and biology process, development, and reversal trend of aeolian desertification in Northern China. His work has helped the national policy maker and organ of authority to take notice of aeolian desertification and provided theoretical foundation and technique system for implementation of national layout and projects to combat aeolian desertification and disaster. He served the UNCCD for years as member of the Scientific Advisory Committee of Third Scientific Conference (SAC, UNCCD) and as member of Science-Policy-Interface (SPI) of the UNCCD. Atsushi Tsunekawa is a professor at Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University (Japan). He graduated from the Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Tokyo, after which he joined the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan. Currently, he serves as a professor at the Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, and also serves as a head of Strategic Management Office of International Platform for Dryland Research and Education, Tottori University. His primary scholarly interests are developing sustainable land management (SLM) technologies and approaches to restore degraded land and improve farmers' livelihood, and monitoring and modelling of terrestrial ecosystems under climate change using remote sensing and GIS. He has been selected as a Science and Technology Correspondent from Japan to the Committee on Science and Technology of United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification.

Xian Xue is a professor at Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources (NIEER), Chinese Academy of Sciences. She obtained her PhD in physical geography from the Graduate School at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2002. As the head, she currently leads the Department of Desert and Desertification in the NIEER, the Dryland Salinization Station of NIEER, and the Salinization Research Station of Gansu Province. Prof. Xue's main research fields are desertification and restoration, and climate and environmental change in arid and cold regions. Her interest focuses on the dynamic process and mechanism of desertification and its rehabilitation. One of her current research is exploring the impact of global warming and human activity on land degradation in the arid and alpine ecosystems. Her other work is to explore restoration possibilities of degraded land in the drylands by integrating water management, sustainable agriculture, and biological techniques with her team.

Yasunori Kurosaki is a professor at Arid Land Research Center (ALRC), Tottori University, Japan. He obtained his PhD from Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba. His main research theme is elucidation of the aeolian dust emission mechanisms. Prof. Kurosaki began his research at the Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency, in 2001, and he has continued it at Chiba University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Tottori University. He has elucidated the causes of aeolian dust emission that change with time and place in drylands of Northeastern Asia mainly by analyzing meteorological observatory data and GIS data such as satellite data. He has also studied it by field surveys in the Gobi Desert. His interest and the purpose of his research are to apply his elucidated mechanisms to improve numerical aeolian dust models and to prevent wind erosion and aeolian dust damage.

Inhalt

Preface Part One. Overview of Aeolian Desertification

Chapter 1. Definition of Aeolian desertification and its connotation (Leading author: WT)

1.1 Concept of Aeolian desertification and its development 1.2 Scope of research on Aeolian desertification 1.3 Index system of Aeolian desertification research

This chapter will clarify the Aeolian desertification and its distinction with desertification and land degradation, define the scope of Aeolian desertification.

Chapter 2. The environmental and ecological setting in Northeast Asia (Leading author: Wang Tao; Co-author: Mandakh Nyamtseren) 2.1 The paleo-environment in northern China 2.2 The paleo-environment in southern Mongolia 2.3 The climatic systems and climate change in northern China and Southern Mongolia 2.4 The land cover and land use in northern China 2.5 The land cover and land use in southern Mongolia

Northeast Asia, especially the northern China and southern Mongolia, is experiencing severe Aeolian desertification in the past several decades and is considered as a major source region of Asian dust storms. The abundant sand, strong wind, and low plant coverage are the three aspects that render an area to be prone to Aeolian desertification and dust storm. This chapter will describe where and how the abundant sand comes, the climatic systems and climate change, and land coverage and land use change due to climate and human activities in northern China and southern Mongolia based on previous studies, climatic data, and remote sensing.

Chapter 3. Spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of Aeolian desertification (Leading author: Wang Tao; Co-author: Khaulenbek Akhmadi)

3.1 Aeolian desertification in northern China in the past five decades 3.2 Aeolian desertification in southern Mongolia in the past three decades This chapter will show the spatial distribution of Aeolian desertification and its temporal change in northern China and Southern Mongolia using the remote sensing images and the desertification index.

Chapter 4. Driving factors of Aeolian desertification (Leading author: Wang Tao; Co-author: Xue Xian)

4.1 Natural mechanism of Aeolian desertification 4.1.1 Global climate change anomaly 4.1.2 Adverse regional natural factors

4.2 Anthropogenic mechanism of Aeolian desertification 4.2.1 Imbalance between population pressure and environmental capacity 4.2.2 Direct influence of human activities on Aeolian desertification 4.2.3 Indirect influence of human activities on Aeolian desertification

This chapter will review the driving factors of Aeolia …