New philosophies of environmental management are being put to the test in many countries.· New ideas are needed to replace or at least flank the old command and control approach, which has lost its credibility. One of the most interesting new avenues is co-operative environmental management, whereby public and private parties work together to tackle a problem. It is interesting because it seems to be well suited to handling complex environmental problems. This kind of management makes use of the policy instrument known as the Environmental Agreement. That tool is geared to the development of sustainable procedures for working out solutions. The Environmental Agreement provides scope to deal with some essential characteristics of current environmental problems. Indeed, one of the most vexing aspects of environmental problems is uncertainty, both in the ecological sphere and with respect to the economic effects of intervention. In short, this instrument takes the unknown into account.

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Preface. 1. The Question of Environmental Governance; P. Glasbergen. Part I: Conceptualizations. 2. Co-operative Management Regimes: A Way Forward? J. Meadowcroft. 3. Environmental Governance and Modern Management Paradigms in Government and Private Industry; H. Ernste. 4. Environmental Problems, Ecological Scales and Social Deliberation; Y. Haila. Part II: Experiences. 5. The Diversity of Environmental Agreements. An International Overview; B. Gebers. 6. Success Determining Factors for Negotiated Agreements. A Comparative Case Study of the Belgian Electricity Supply Industry and the Packaging Sector; A. Seyad, S. Baeke, M. De Clercq. 7. Partnership as a Learning Process. Environmental Convenants in the Netherlands; P. Glasbergen. 8. An Economic Approach to Environmental Agreements. Experiences from Germany; H. Bergmann, K.L. Brockmann, K. Rennings. 9. Trade Law Aspects in Relation to Use of Environmental Contracts; E. Basse. 10. Democracy and Environmental Agreements; M. Enevoldsen. Part III: Prospects. 11. Power Participation and Partnership. The Limits of Co-operative Environmental Management; A. Blowers. 12. Concluding Remarks: The Scope of Co-operative Management; P. Driessen. Bibliography. About the Authors.