Circular Economy

This book is aimed at companies, researchers, consultants, consumers, students and any interested public interested in the subject, the reflections and practices of the circular economy.
As part of the draft law on the circular economy in France, the authors (researchers and experts) analyze the data and the reflections and base their arguments on real examples in order to propose solutions and recommendations for a green economy. It gives an updated overview of the reflections and practices around the circular economy.
The book is divided into three parts:

• The company and its functions, innovative business models
• The institutional, legislative and normative framework
• Some sectors of activity with the prism of the circular economy

Inhalt

Foreword xiii
François-Michel LAMBERT

Introduction xvii
Karen DELCHET-COCHET

Part 1. The Circular Economy, Between Framework and Stakes 1

Chapter 1. The Circular Economy: Historical Perspective and Contemporary Issues **3
**Franck AGGERI

1.1. Introduction 3

1.2. From the origins of the reflections on the circular economy to its inclusion on the public agenda 4

1.2.1. The reasons for the enthusiasm 5

1.2.2. Circular economy as a new rational utopia 7

1.3. Is the circular economy really a new practice? 8

1.3.1. Circular economy, mode 1 8

1.3.2. Circular economy, mode 2 9

1.4. Obstacles to the circular transition to mode 2 10

1.4.1. Local value creation 11

1.4.2. The need for a new industrial policy 11

1.5. References 12

Chapter 2. The Circular Economy and Lifecycle **13
**Christian BRODHAG

2.1. Resources 14

2.2. Environmental context 16

2.2.1. The global question 18

2.3. Methods to address the circular economy 20

2.3.1. Historical background: from industrial ecology to circular economy 20

2.3.2. The lifecycle approach 20

2.3.3. Eco-design 22

2.4. Political and normative processes 22

2.4.1. The European and French approaches. 22

2.4.2. ISO standardization 24

2.5. Conclusion 25

2.6. References 26

Chapter 3. Circular Economy: Transformation of the Labor Market and Change in Human Resources Management Practices **29
**David MORIEZ

3.1. Introduction 29

3.2. The circular economy, labor market and jobs 31

3.2.1. The circular economy: a response to the regionalization of unemployment 32

3.2.2. The circular economy: a response to structural unemployment 35

3.2.3. The circular economy: green jobs and greening jobs 36

3.3. The circular economy and human resources management practices 38

3.3.1. Green human resources management (green HRM) 38

3.3.2. Green human resources management practices39

3.4. Conclusion 41

3.5. Appendix 1 42

3.6. Appendix 2 43

3.7. Appendix 3 47

3.8. References 48

Chapter 4. The Role of Education in the Ecological and Circular Transition: Current Situation and Prospects **53
**Dominique BONET FERNANDEZ

4.1. Introduction 53

4.2. Findings and challenges for universities and companies 54

4.2.1. Multidisciplinary challenges, requiring a review of training courses 55

4.2.2. The companies and universities concerned 55

4.3. How to meet the skills and training needs of the circular economy? 56

4.3.1. From Green Plan to education for sustainable development 56

4.3.2. A wide range of skills 57

4.3.3. Towards new practices 57

4.4. An initiative provided by the French Virtual University for Environment and Sustainable Development 60

4.5. The proposed 2019 law on the generalization of education on issues related to the preservation of the environment and biological diversity and climate change within the framework of global boundaries 61

4.6. Legislative proposals to be closely monitored 62

4.7. Conclusion 64

4.8. References 65

Chapter 5. Boosting the Circular Economy through Proximity: The New Competences of Local Authorities **67
**Karine FABRE and Alexis POKROVSKY

5.1. What scale for proximity? 68

5.2. Understanding the territorial levels: sharing of competences in the context of waste management 70

5.2.1. Historical expertise in waste management acquired by municipalities 70

5.2.2. Territorial tiering of competences 71

5.3. The levers for steering the circular economy 74 5.3.1. An increasingly environmentally oriented public pr...