Climate Change, Security Risks and Conflict Reduction in Africa

The environmental impacts of climate change represent challenges to the societies and are anticipated to contribute to the destabilization of their human security, endangering ways of life of human-beings and inducing conflicts. Vulnerable societies are likely to see a surge in conflicts and violence happen. However social, economic and political circumstances mediating environmental changes are fundamental and determine whether the societal challenge will be a conflictive one.
In Western Africa, major environmental changes are expected and the region hosts especially vulnerable population groups (i.e. herders and farmers). Political factors might contribute to determining the occurrence, escalation or reduction of conflict between those groups. The influence of integration policies, of the fairness of land tenure, and of decentralization and participation possibilities on conflicts is studied in Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana and Burkina Faso.

Autorentext
Charlène Cabot (born 1988 in France) completed her undergraduate studies in Political and Social Sciences at Sciences Po Paris and at the University of Sydney. Ms Cabot subsequently obtained a double Master's degree in International Relations from Sciences Po Paris and the Free University of Berlin with a major in Sustainable Development and Environmental Politics (2011). Ms Cabot joined the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) in December 2011. After working in Germany, Senegal, the Central African Republic, Cameroon, and in the Policy and Programme Division at WFP headquarters, she is currently based in N'Djamena (Chad).

Zusammenfassung
Millions of people are already affected by weather-related shocks every year in West Africa and climate change is highly likely to increase these threats. In the wake of climate change, rising temperatures, increasingly irregular rainfall and more frequent natural hazards will endanger the ways of life of vulnerable population groups in this region and destabilize their human security. A surge in violence and conflicts could take place. One of the conflict constellations could be between farmers and herders. These groups are highly vulnerable to climate change due to their dependence on natural resources Millions of people are already affected by weather-related shocks every year in West Africa and climate change is highly likely to increase these threats. In the wake of climate change, rising temperatures, increasingly irregular rainfall and more frequent natural hazards will endanger the ways of life of vulnerable population groups in this region and destabilize their human security.A surge in violence and conflicts could take place. One of the conflict constellations could be between farmers and herders. These groups are highly vulnerable to climate change due to their dependence on natural resources for their subsistence. Furthermore, they are historically prone to enter into conflict over issues of access to natural resources. However, social, economic and political circumstances fundamentally influence environmental conflicts. There might thus be opportunities to face the societal challenges of climate change in a peaceful way and the political and institutional framework could play an important role in reducing conflict and violence. In order to explore such a path, this study analyses the potential of political factors (policies and institutions) for the reduction of climate-change-induced or aggravated conflicts between farmers and herders. After a theoretical demonstration, a case study of agro-pastoral conflicts in Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, andGhana is conducted. their subsistence. Furthermore, they are historically prone to enter into conflict over issues of access to natural resources. However, social, economic and political circumstances fundamentally influence environmental conflicts. There might thus be opportunities to face the societal challenges of climate change in a peaceful way and the political and institutional framework could play an important role in reducing conflict and violence. In order to explore such a path, this study analyses the potential of political factors (policies and institutions) for the reduction of climate-change-induced or aggravated conflicts between farmers and herders. After a theoretical demonstration, a case study of agro-pastoral conflicts in Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, and Ghana is conducted.

Inhalt

From the Contents: Part 1: The climate induced Degradation and increased Scarcity of Resources as Factors challenging security.- Introduction into current Climate Change, Conflict Concerns and Farmer-Herder Conflicts.- Literature Review: Causal Linkages between Environmental Change and Conflict.- Part 2: Theoretical Background: The Importance of Political Factors in a precarious Human and Environmental Security challenged by global, regional and local Environmental Changes.- Theoretical Prisms: Human and Environmental Security and Conflict Reduction.- The Role of Political Factors in Undermining or Maintaining Environmental and Human Security in a context of Climate Change.- Part 3: Case Study: Farmer-Herder Conflicts in Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana.- Background Information.- Methodological Approach to the Case Study.- Study of the three Research Hypotheses in the three selected Countries.