This corrected version of the landmark 1981 textbook introduces the physical principles and theoretical basis of acoustics with deep mathematical rigor, concentrating on concepts and points of view that have proven useful in applications such as noise control, underwater sound, architectural acoustics, audio engineering, nondestructive testing, remote sensing, and medical ultrasonics. Since its publication, this text has been used as part of numerous acoustics-related courses across the world, and continues to be used widely today. During its writing, the book was fine-tuned according to insights gleaned from a broad range of classroom settings. Its careful design supports students in their pursuit of a firm foundation while allowing flexibility in course structure. The book can easily be used in single-term or full-year graduate courses and includes problems and answers. This rigorous and essential text is a must-have for any practicing or aspiring acoustician. Praise for the 1981 edition: "Without question this volume will take its place among the more prominent texts for advanced courses on fundamental acoustical theory and applications. The student who masters it should have no difficulty facing with assurance the current problems in acoustical technology." - R. Bruce Lindsay, Brown University in The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

• Features a wealth of end-of-chapter problems and answers
• Written by the former Editor-in-Chief of the Acoustical Society of America
• Represents essential reading for all practicing and aspiring acousticians
• Facilitates instructional flexibility regarding topics covered, length of course, and interests of students
• Includes a new foreword and preface speaking to the book's continuing importance

Autorentext

Allan D. Pierce was born in 1936 and spent his early years in Iowa, Kansas, and New Mexico. After receiving a Ph.D. in Physics from MIT, he was employed by RAND (1961-1963) and Avco (1963-1966). His work during these years was concerned primarily with the analysis of infrasonic waveforms generated by thermonuclear explosions, and this broadened into a life-long interest in all aspects of physical acoustics, applied mechanics, vibrations, and wave physics. From 1966 to 2012 he held a succession of professorial appointments - at MIT (1966-1973), Georgia Tech (1973-1988), Penn State (1988-1993), and Boston University (1993-2012). He retired from BU in 2012, and founded the Cape Cod Institute for Science and Engineering in 2017. He is a Fellow of the Acoustical Society of America and of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, and is a recipient of the ASA Silver Medal in Physical Acoustics and the ASA Gold Medal, the ASME Per Bruel Gold Medal, the Rossing Prize for Acoustics Education, and the Gold Medal of the Acoustical Foundation of India. Over the years he has had many editorial positions, including being the founding co-Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Computational Acoustics and the Editor-in-Chief of the Acoustical Society of America. He was the founding editor of Proceedings of Meetings in Acoustics.

Inhalt

Preface

List of Symbols

Chapter 1 The Wave Theory of Sound

1-1 A Little History

1-2 The Conservation of Mass

1-3 Euler's Equation of Motion for a Fluid

1-4 Pressure-Density Relations

1-5 Equations of Linear Acoustics

1-6 The Wave Equation

1-7 Plane Traveling Waves

1-8 Waves of Constant Frequency

1-9 Speed of Sound and Ambient Density

1-10 Adiabatic versus Isothermal Sound Speeds

1-11 Acoustic Energy, Intensity, and Source Power

1-12 Spherical Waves

Problems

Chapter 2 Quantitative Measures of Sound

2-1 Frequency Content of Sounds

2-2 Proportional Frequency Bands

2-3 Levels and the Decibel

2-4 Frequency Weighting and Filters

2-5 Combining of Levels

2-6 Mutually Incoherent Sound Sources

2-7 Fourier Series and Long-Duration Sounds

2-8 Transient Waveforms

2-9 Transfer Functions

2-10 Stationary Ergodic Processes

2-11 Bias and Variance

Problems

Chapter 3 Reflection, Transmission, and Excitation of Plane Waves

3-1 Boundary Conditions at Impenetrable Surfaces

3-2 Plane-Wave Reflection at a Flat Rigid Surface

3-3 Specific Acoustic Impedance

3-4 Radiation of Sound by a Vibrating Piston within a Tube

3-5 Sound Radiation by Traveling Flexural Waves

3-6 Reflection and Transmission at an Interlace between Two Fluids

3-7 Multilayer Transmission and Reflection

3-8 Transmission through Thin Solid Slabs, Plates, and Blankets

Problems

Chapter 4 Radiation from Vibrating Bodies

4-1 Radially Oscillating Sphere

4-2 Transversely Oscillating Rigid Sphere

4-3 Monopoles and Green's Functions

4-4 Dipoles and Quadrupoles

4-5 Uniqueness of Solutions of Acoustic Boundary-Value Problems

4-6 The Kirchhoff-Helmholtz Integral Theorem 4-7 Sound Radiation from Small Vibrating Bodies

4-8 Radiation from a Circular Disk

4-9 Reciprocity in Acoustics

4-10 Transducers and Reciprocity

Problems

Chapter 5 Radiation from Sources Near and on Solid Surfaces

5-1 Sources near Plane Rigid Boundaries

5-2 Sources Mounted on Walls: The Rayleigh Integral; Fresnel-Kirchhoff Theory of Diffraction by an Aperture

5-3 Low-Frequency Radiation from Sources Mounted on Walls

5-4 Radiation Impedance of Baffled-Piston Radiators

5-5 Far-Field Radiation from Localized Wall Vibrations

5-6 Transient Solution for Baffled Circular Piston

5-7 Field on and near the Symmetry Axis

5-8 Transition to the Far Field

Problems

Chapter 6 Room Acoustics

6-1 The Sabine-Franklin-Jaeger Theory of Reverberant Rooms

6-2 Some Modifications

6-3 Applications of the Sabine-Franklin-Jaeger Theory

6-4 Coupled Rooms and Large Enclosures

6-5 The Modal Theory of Room Acoustics

6-6 High-Frequency Approximations

6-7 Statistical Aspects of Room Acoustics

6-8 Spatial Correlations in Diffuse Sound Fields

Problems

Chapter 7 Low-Frequency Models of Sound Transmission

7-1 Guided Waves

7-2 Lumped-Parameter Models

7-3 Guidelines for Selecting Lumped-Parameter Models 7-4 Helmholtz Resonators and Other Examples

7-5 Orifices

7-6 Estimation of Acoustic Inertances and End Corrections

7-7 Mufflers and Acoustic Filters

7-8 Homs

Problems

Chapter 8 Ray Acoustics

8-1 Wavefronts, Rays, and Fermat's Principle

8-2 Rectilinear Sound Propagation

8-3 Refraction in Inhomogeneous Media

8-4 Rays in Stratified Media

8-5 Amplitude Variation along Rays

8-6 Wave Amplitudes in Moving Media

8-7 Source above an Interface

8-8 Reflection from Curved Surfaces

Problems

Chapter 9 Scattering and Diffraction

9-1 Basic Scattering Concepts

9-2 Monostatic and Bistatic Scattering-Measurement Configurations

9-3 The Doppler Effect

9-4 Acoustic Fields near Caustics

9-5 Shadow Zones and Creeping Waves

9-6 Source or Listener on the Edge of a Wedge

9-7 Contour-Integral Solution for Diffraction by a Wedge

9-8 Geometrical-Acoustic and Diffracted-Wave Contributions for the Wedge Problem

9-9 Applications of Wedge-Diffraction Theory

Problems

Chapter 10 Effects of Viscosity and Other Dissipative Processes

10-1 The Navier-Stokes-Fourier Model

10-2 Linear Acoustic Equations and Energy Dissipation 10-3 Vorticity, Entropy, and Acoustic Modes

10-4 Acoustic Boundary-Layer Theory

10-5 Attenuation and Dispersion in Ducts and Thin Tubes

10-6 Viscosity Effects on Sound Radiation

10-7 Relaxation Processes

10-8 Absorption of Sound

Problems

Chapter 11 Nonlinear Effects in Sound Propagation

11-1 Nonlinear Steepening

11-2 Generation of Harmonics

11-3 Weak-Shock Theory

11-4 N Waves and Anomalous Energy Dissipation

11-5 Evolution of Sawtooth Waveforms

11-6 Nonlinear Dissipative Waves

11-7 Transition to Old Age

11-8 Nonlinear Effects in Converging and Diverging Waves 11-9 N Waves in Inhomogeneous Media; Spherical Waves

11-10 Ba…