This is the first in a new series of publications arlslng out of the work of the Committee on Challenges of Modern Society of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. The CCMS was established in 1969 with a mandate to examine practical ways of improving the exchange of experience among mem­ ber nations of the Alliance in the task of creating a better envir­ onment for their societies. It was charged with considering "spe­ cific problems of the human environment with the deliberate objec­ tive of stimulating action by member governments". It may come as a surprise to some that NATO - generally thought of as being an organization devoted solely to matters of defence - should concern itself with the environment at all. But this is to overlook Article 2 of the North Atlantic Treaty of 1949, which expressly provides that member count ries should contribute towards the furt her development of peaceful and friendly internat­ ional relations by promoting conditions of stability and well­ being. This concern is reflected in many non-military areas, in addition to the environmental one. I wish the present volume, which has been edited by the Bel­ gian Prime Minister's Office for Science Policy Programming, every success.

Inhalt

I: Interregional Transport of Air Pollution (Up To Several Hundreds of Kilometers).- 1. Interregional exchanges of air pollution: Model types and applications.- 2. Trajectories as two-dimensional probability fields.- 3. The use of a regional-scale numerical model in addressing certain key air quality issues anticipated in the 1980s.- 4. Probability prediction of the wet deposition of airborne pollution.- 5. The statistics of precipitation scavenging during long range transport.- 6. Air pollution transport over Western Europe; exchanges between Germany and the Netherlands.- 7. A characterization of interregional transport of ozone and precursors into an urban area.- 8. Air quality projections for the Ohio river basin.- 2: Meteorological Parameters for Use in Advanced Air Diffusion Models.- 9. Estimation of turbulence velocity scales in the stable and the unstable boundary layer for dispersion applications.- 10. Meteorological input for a three dimensional medium range air quality model.- 11. Interest of an atmospheric meso-scale model for air pollution transport studies over medium distances.- 12. A mass consistent wind field model over the Mid-Rhine Valley.- 13. A mesoscale numerical model of atmospheric flow over the Alsace plain.- 14. The application of a stochastic wind model to the meteorology of North-West England.- 15. Atmospheric circulation on the regional scale and isentropic trajectories as support to the long range transport (LRT) of air pollution.- 16. Diffusivity profiles deduced from synoptic data.- 17. Wind velocity variances in the atmospheric boundary layer.- 18. Estimation of mesoscale and local-scale roughness for atmospheric transport modeling.- 19. A convective plume model for PBL dispersion.- 20. Numerical modeling of stack plumes within a city environment at distances of several kilometres downstream.- 21. Results of Lidar measurements of atmospheric barrier layers.- 22. Effects of release height on ?y and ?z in daytime conditions.- 23. Dispersion near to a tall stack.- 24. A statistical approach for estimating atmospheric stability classes from near-ground observations.- 25. Net radiation estimated from standard meteorological data.- 26. Estimation of the sensible heat flux from standard meteorological data for stability calculations during daytime.- 3: Advanced Techniques in Air Pollution Modeling to Take Into Account Complex Terrain, Heavy Gases and Light Wind Conditions.- 27. A comparison of finite difference schemes, describing the two-dimensional advection equation.- 28. A comparison of some plume dispersion predictions with field measurements.- 29. Model investigations of spreading of heavy gases released from an instantaneous volume source at the ground.- 30. Physical modeling of forty cubic meter LNG spills at China Lake, California.- 31. The accidental release of dense flammable and toxic gases from pressurized containment - transition from pressure driven to gravity driven phase.- 32. Entrainment through the top of a heavy gas cloud.- 33. Physical simulation of dispersion in complex terrain and valley drainage flow situations.- 34. Analysis and simulation of local circulations and air pollution over a coastal, complex site.- 35. A new gaussian puff algorithm for non-homogeneous, nonstationary dispersion in complex terrain.- 36. Impact study in complex terrain.- 37. Conversion rate of nitrogen oxides in a polluted atmosphere.- 4: Forecasting Of Polluant Concentration Under Episodic Conditions.- 38. Forecasting of fumigation episodes in the Po Valley.- 39. Numerical computation of high air pollution levels.- 40. Application of a photochemical dispersion model to the Netherlands and its surroundings.- 41. An application of a pollution episode predictor derived from a K-theory model.- 42. Forecasting of pollutant concentration under episode conditions..- 5: Regulatory Applications.- 43. An application of the empirical kinetic modeling approach (EKMA) to the Cologne area.- 44. Air pollution impact calculated and measured during licensing procedures.- 45. The regulatory implications of using airport meteorological data instead of onsite data in air quality modeling.- Participants.- Authors Index.