This edited work presents a comprehensive treatise on the latest progress in the field of selected innovative nanotechnologies, biotechnologies, and their possible combinations for efficient elimination of a broad range of pollutants from various types of water and soil. It covers the underlying principles of all the key technologies (reductive and oxidative technologies for water treatment and biotechnologies for water and soil treatment). Moreover, it includes toxicological evaluation of emerging pollutants and novel engineered nanoparticles, as well as providing results of field-scale verification and application of the most promising technologies.Central aspects covered in this book include: geochemistry of iron, properties of iron nanoparticles (nZVI) and related materials for water treatment, in situ methods for groundwater treatment, evaluation of various combined nano/bio technologies, mechanisms and efficiencies of degradation/dechlorination of chlorinated hydrocarbons (aswell as other organic pollutants like POPs, PAHs, etc.), elimination of arsenic and Cr(VI) from water, advanced oxidation processes with a strong focus on high-valent states of iron (ferrates), radical reactions, photooxidation, Fenton reactions, disinfection, and biodegradation including mycoremediation and composting of a wide range of pollutants from water and soil. In addition, technical details of selected strategies adopted for a pilot/full-scale application of key nano-/biotechnologies, i.e. nZVI injection into groundwater, field-scale contaminant monitoring, nanoparticle migration, and microbiological methods for monitoring nZVI performance in groundwater conditions, are presented.

Therefore, this multidisciplinary book will be suitable for a broad readership including environmental scientists, practitioners, policymakers, toxicologists, and, of course, students of diverse fields such as materials science, chemistry, biology, geology, hydrogeology, engineering, etc.

Zusammenfassung

We are proposing this comprehensive volume aimed at bridging and bonding of the theory and practical experiences for the elimination of a broad range of pollutants from various types of water and soil utilizing innovative nanotechnologies, biotechnologies and their possible combinations.

Nowadays, a broad range of contaminants are emerging from the industry (and also representing old ecological burdens). Accidents and improper wastewater treatment requires a fast, efficient and cost-effective approach. Therefore, several innovative technologies of water and soil treatments have been invented and suggested in a number of published papers.

Out of these, some nanotechnologies and biotechnologies (and possibly also their mutual combinations) turned out to be promising for practical utilization i.e., based on both extensive laboratory testing and pilot-scale verification.

With respect to the diverse character of targeted pollutants, the key technologies covered in this book will include oxidation, reduction, sorption and/or biological degradation. In relation to innovative technologies and new emerging pollutants mentioned in this proposed book, an important part will also cover the ecotoxicity of selected pollutants and novel nanomaterials used for remediation. Thus, this work will consist of 8 sections/chapters with a technical appendix as an important part of the book, where some technical details and standardized protocols will be clearly presented for their possible implementation at different contaminated sites.

Although many previously published papers and books (or book chapters) are devoted to some aspects of nano-/biotechnologies, here we will bring a first complete and comprehensive treatise on the latest progress in innovative technologies with a clear demonstration of the applicability of particular methods based on results of the authors from pilot tests (i.e., based on the data collected within several applied projects, mainly national project Environmentally friendly nanotechnologies and biotechnologies in water and soil treatment of the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic, and 7FP project NANOREM: Taking Nanotechnological Remediation Processes from Lab Scale to End User Applications for the Restoration of a Clean Environment).

This multidisciplinary book will be suitable for a broad audience including environmental scientists, practitioners, policymakers and toxicologists (and of course graduate students of diverse fields material science, chemistry, biology, geology, hydrogeology, engineering etc.).

Inhalt
Preface Part I Reductive Technologies

1 Geochemical Principles of Reductive Remediation Processes Miroslav erník and Josef Zeman

2 Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Particles for Water Treatment: from Basic Principles to Field-Scale Applications

Tanapon Phenrat, Petra Skácelová, Eleni Petala, Adriana Velosa and Jan Filip

3 Other Chemical Reductive Methods

Jan Nmeek, Stanisaw Wacawek and Miroslav erník 4 Combination of Electrokinetics and nZVI Remediation

Miroslav erník, Jaroslav Hrabal and Jaroslav Nosek

5 Field Study I: In Situ Chemical Reduction Using Nanoscale Zero-valent Iron Materials to Degrade Chlorinated Hydrocarbons

Vojtch Stejskal and Nikola Vacková

6 Field Study II: Pilot Application of nZVI/DC-combined Methods at Aargau Site

Vojtch Stejskal, Jaroslav Nosek, Miroslav erník, Petr Kvapil and Pierre Matz

Part II Oxidative Technologies

7 Introduction to Oxidative Technologies for Water Treatment

Marta I. Litter

8 Ferrates as Powerful Oxidants in Water Treatment Technologies

Libor Machala, Petr Zajíek, Jan Kolaík, Tomá Mackuak and Jan Filip

9 Radical Reactions and Their Application for Water Treatment

Pavel Hrabák and Stanisaw Wacawek

10 Photo-oxidation Technologies for Advanced Water Treatment

Rakesh K. Sharma, Bhavya Arora, Sriparna Dutta and Manoj B. Gawande

11 The Use of Nanomaterials in Electro-Fenton and Photoelectro-Fenton Processes

Ignasi Sirés and Enric Brillas

12 Field Study III: Evidence Gained from Site Studies for the Performance of Ferrate(VI) in Water and Wastewater Treatment

Jia-Qian Jiang

13 Field Study IV: Arsenic Removal from Groundwater by Ferrate with the Concurrent Disinfecting EffectSemi-pilot on-site Application

Monika Hemánková, Roman Voká, Jan Slunský and Jan Filip

14 Field Study V: Combined Oxidation Technology using Ferrates (FeIVVI) and Hydrogen Peroxide for Rapid and Effective Remediation of Contaminated WaterComprehensive Practically Focused Study &a...