Protein Hydrolysates in Biotechnology

The protein hydrolysates industry is growing rapidly yet there is no single book that describes the challenges and opportunities for manufacturers and end users, techniques used in manufacturing, characterization and screening of protein hydrolysates, their applications in a wide variety of industries in biotechnology. One of the misconceptions in using protein hydrolysates in fermentations is that the end user believes and uses it as a mere nitrogen source. However, the functionality of the product obtained is not necessarily due to protein hydrolysates alone because it may not be a pure peptide or a combination of peptides and may contain carbohydrates, lipids, micronutrients, etc., present in the raw material used or sometimes the manufacturers deliberately add to the process to bring unique functionality. Only a handful of manufacturers dictate this market that tend to keep manufacturing process proprietary making it harder to understand. This book will close the gap by unfolding information on latest developments.

Résumé
Protein hydrolysates, otherwise commonly known as peptones or peptides, are used in a wide variety of products in fermentation and biotechnology industries. The term peptone was first introduced in 1880 by Nagelli for growing bacterial cultures. However, later it was discovered that peptones derived from the partial digestion of proteins would furnish organic nitrogen in readily available form. Ever since, p- tones, which are commonly known as protein hydrolysates, have been used not only for growth of microbial cultures, but also as nitrogen source in commercial fermen- tions using animal cells and recombinant microorganisms for the production of value added products such as therapeutic proteins, hormones, vaccines, etc. Today, the characterization, screening and manufacturing of protein hyd- lysates has become more sophisticated, with the introduction of reliable analytical instrumentation, high throughput screening techniques coupled with statistical design approaches, novel enzymes and efficient downstream processing equipment. This has enabled the introduction of custom-built products for specialized appli- tions in diverse fields of fermentation and biotechnology, such as the following. 1. Protein hydrolysates are used as much more than a simple nitrogen source. For example, the productivities of several therapeutic drugs made by animal cells and recombinant microorganisms have been markedly increased by use of p- tein hydrolysates. This is extremely important when capacities are limited. 2. Protein hydrolysates are employed in the manufacturing of vaccines by ferm- tation processes and also used as vaccine stabilizers.

Contenu

Applications of Protein Hydrolysates in Biotechnology.- State of the Art Manufacturing of Protein Hydrolysates.- Towards an Understanding of How Protein Hydrolysates Stimulate More Efficient Biosynthesis in Cultured Cells.- Benefits and Limitations of Protein Hydrolysates as Components of Serum-Free Media for Animal Cell Culture Applications.- Oligopeptides as External Molecular Signals Affecting Growth and Death in Animal Cell Cultures.- Use of Protein Hydrolysates in Industrial Starter Culture Fermentations.- Protein Hydrolysates from Non-bovine and Plant Sources Replaces Tryptone in Microbiological Media.- The Use of Protein Hydrolysates for Weed Control.- Physiological Importance and Mechanisms of Protein Hydrolysate Absorption.- Protein Hydrolysates/Peptides in Animal Nutrition.- Protein Hydrolysates as Hypoallergenic, Flavors and Palatants for Companion Animals.- The Development of Novel Recombinant Human Gelatins as Replacements for Animal-Derived Gelatin in Pharmaceutical Applications.