The Gamification of Society

The applications of gamification and the contexts in which game
elements can be successfully incorporated have grown significantly over
the years. They now include the fields of health, education, work, the
media and many others. However, the human and social sciences still
neglect the analysis and critique of gamification.

Research conducted in
this area tends to focus on game objects and not gamification s logic as
its ideological dimension.
Considering that the game, as a model and a reference, laden with social
value, deserves to be questioned beyond its objects, The

Gamification of
Society gathers together texts, observations and criticisms that question
the influence that games and their mechanics have on wider society.
The empirical research presented in this book (examining designers
practices, early childhood, political action, the quantified self, etc.) also
probes several different national contexts those of Norway, Belgium,
the United States and France, among others.

Auteur

Stephane Le Lay is a specialist in occupational health, a sociologist and a researcher at the Institut de Psychodynamique du Travail, France. Emmanuelle Savignac is an anthropologist and senior lecturer at the Universite de la Sorbonne Nouvelle and a researcher at CERLIS (CNRS) in France. Pierre Lenel is an associate researcher in the Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Economic Sociology at CNAM-CNRS, France. Jean Frances is a sociologist and senior lecturer at ENSTA Bretagne, France.

Texte du rabat
The applications of gamification and the contexts in which gameelements can be successfully incorporated have grown significantly overthe years. They now include the fields of health, education, work, themedia and many others. However, the human and social sciences stillneglect the analysis and critique of gamification.

Research conducted inthis area tends to focus on game objects and not gamification s logic asits ideological dimension.Considering that the game, as a model and a reference, laden with socialvalue, deserves to be questioned beyond its objects, The

Gamification ofSociety gathers together texts, observations and criticisms that questionthe influence that games and their mechanics have on wider society.The empirical research presented in this book (examining designerspractices, early childhood, political action, the quantified self, etc.) alsoprobes several different national contexts those of Norway, Belgium,the United States and France, among others.

Résumé
The applications of gamification and the contexts in which game elements can be successfully incorporated have grown significantly over the years. They now include the fields of health, education, work, the media and many others. However, the human and social sciences still neglect the analysis and critique of gamification. Research conducted in this area tends to focus on game objects and not gamification's logic as its ideological dimension. Considering that the game, as a model and a reference, laden with social value, deserves to be questioned beyond its objects, The Gamification of Society gathers together texts, observations and criticisms that question the influence that games and their “mechanics” have on wider society. The empirical research presented in this book (examining designers' practices, early childhood, political action, the quantified self, etc.) also probes several different national contexts those of Norway, Belgium, the United States and France, among others.

Contenu
Foreword xi

Introduction xv

Part 1. Observing and Discerning: Contextualizing the Situation and Recommending a Consistent Set of Options 1

Chapter 1. Understanding the Strategic Landscape 3

1.1. Understanding the decision-making situation 4

1.1.1. Identifying the variables and factors that make up the situation 4

1.1.2. Detecting the context of the situation through structural analysis 5

1.2. Representing the context of the action 15

1.2.1. Addressing the situational context through nested frames 16

1.2.2. Conceptualizing the strategic landscape as a system with three macrocomponents 17

1.2.3. Reconstructing the multilevel landscape system 26

1.2.4. Configuring the intervention as a system connected to the landscape 32

1.2.5. Specifying the interactions of the landscape and intervention systems 32

Chapter 2. Imagining and Directing Plausible Futures 37

2.1. Exploring the future through the use of scenarios 37

2.1.1. Reorienting scenarios as a core element of foresight 38

2.1.2. Building frames or scenario profiles 39

2.1.3. Sketching morphological profiles 43

2.1.4. Adopting a two-step procedure 45

2.2. Reinforcing and fleshing out the scenarios 60

2.2.1. Enriching and completing global scenarios 60

2.2.2. Periodically updating the scenarios 63

2.2.3. Using scenarios for strategic purposes 65

Chapter 3. Developing Relevant Strategic Initiatives 67

3.1. Defining objectives and considering options 67

3.1.1. Specifying and defining the main orientations 68

3.1.2. Drafting consistent action profiles 69

3.1.3. The case of the industrial future of a department in Ile-de-France 72

3.2. Transforming options into project concepts 75

3.2.1. Creating the tree of objectives 75

3.2.2. Detecting the critical conditions for achieving objectives 77

3.2.3. Summarizing each option in the form of a logical framework 80

3.2.4. Aggregating projects into coherent programs 85

3.2.5. Considering the plan as a metaprogram of actions 88

Part 2. Judging and Arbitrating: Evaluating and Reconfiguring Recommendations to Decide on a Successful Intervention 91

Chapter 4. Defining Priorities and Gauging Courses of Action 93

4.1. Clarifying preferences and comparing options 93

4.1.1. Setting up the overall performance appraisal system 95

4.1.2. Structuring and weighting criteria according to their hierarchical breakdown 97

4.1.3. Determining the estimators and scales of appreciation of the options according to the operational criteria 100

4.2. Evaluating options according to the macrocriteria to inform the decision 100

4.2.1. Appreciating congruence with the context of intervention as a springboard for pragmatism 101

4.2.2. Assessing future validity as an indicator of future pluralism 106

4.2.3. Assessing the adequacy of the strategic reference as a guarantee of finalism 111

4.3. Gauging the options according to their propensity to immerse themselves favorably in the strategic landscape: interpreting and appropriating the triad of macrocriteria 113

4.3.1. A subtle mix of key priorities 113

4.3.2. An evolving assessment of the intervention according to the macrocriteria 115

4.3.3. Using fundamentally circumstantial multicriteria assessment 116

Chapter 5. Revealing Areas of Potential and Adopting a Decision-making Logic 119

5.1. Modeling the decision problem and scrutinizing the spaces of freedom and opportunity 119

5.1.1. Considering strategic initiatives in terms of composite options 120

5.1.2. Revealing the scope of plural actions 128

5.2. Making wise use of uncertainty and ambiguity 132

5.2.1. Adopting a strategic posture according to the level of uncertainty 132

5.2.2. Exercising circumspection in an almost inextricable situation 135

Chapter 6. Recomposing Solutions and Making the Best Decisions 137 6.1. Reconciling requirements...