Viruses and Nanotechnology

Nanobiotechnology involves the exploitation of biomaterials, devices or methodologies at the nanoscale. Virus particles are natural nanomaterials and have received particular attention as novel building blocks for materials design and fabrication. In this volume, leaders in the field of viral nanobiotechnology address the fundamental means for generating virus-based nanoparticles by performing chemistry on virion substrates, multilayered arrays and hybrid virus networks incorporating materials such as quantum dots and carbon nanotubes. The use of virus-like protein cages to generate novel materials that can be used for biomedical applications such as biomedical imaging and vaccine purposes is discussed. Finally, the novel tumor-targeting properties of certain viruses are harnessed to achieve specificity in vivo. This volume describes the unprecedented opportunities to capitalize on the vast knowledge of virus particles and their physical and material properties.

Résumé
Nanotechnology is a collective term describing a broad range of relatively novel topics. Scale is the main unifying theme, with nanotechnology being concerned with matter on the nanometer scale. A quintessential tenet of nanotechnology is the precise self-assembly of nanometer-sized components into ordered devices. Nanotechnology seeks to mimic what nature has achieved, with precision at the nanometer level down to the atomic level. Nanobiotechnology, a division of nanotechnology, involves the exploitation of biomaterials, devices or methodologies in the nanoscale. In recent years a set of b- molecules has been studied and utilized. Virus particles are natural nanomaterials and have recently received attention for their tremendous potential in this field. The extensive study of viruses as pathogens has yielded detailed knowledge about their biological, genetic, and physical properties. Bacterial viruses (bacte- ophages), plant and animal eukaryotic viruses, and viruses of archaea have all been characterized in this manner. The knowledge of their replicative cycles allows manipulation and tailoring of particles, relying on the principles of self-assembly in infected hosts to build the base materials. The atomic resolution of the virion structure reveals ways in which to tailor particles for higher-order functions and assemblies.

Contenu
Introduction: Marianne Manchester and Nicole F. Steinmetz.- Chapter 1: Chemical modification of viruses and virus-like particles by Erica Strable and M.G. Finn.- Chapter 2: Structure-based Engineering of an Icosahedral Virus for Nano-medicine and technology by Nicole F. Steinmetz, Tianwei Lin, George P. Lomonossoff, and John E. Johnson.- Chapter 3: Hybrid Assembly of CPMV Viruses and Surface Characteristics of Different Mutants by Nathaniel G. Portney, Giuseppe Destito, Marianne Manchester, and Mihrimah Ozkan.-Chapter 4: A Library of Protein Cage Architectures as Nanomaterials by Michelle L. Flenniken, Masaki Uchida, Lars O. Liepold, Sebyung Kang, Mark J. Young, and Trevor Douglas.- Chapter 5: Biomedical nanotechnology using virus-based nanoparticles by Giuseppe Destito, Anette Schneemann, and Marianne Manchester.- Chapter 6: Tumor targeting using canine parvovirus nanoparticles by Pratik Singh.- Subject index.