Underground Storage of Natural Gas

This book contains the proceedings of NATO Advanced Study Institute, 'Underground Storage of Natural Gas - Theory and Practice', which was held at The Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey during 2-10 May 1988. Underground storage is the process which effectively balances a variable demand market with a desirably constant supply provided by pipelines. Storage reservoirs are the unique warehouses designed and developed to provide a ready supply of natural gas in response to high, peak demands during cold weather. The natural' gas is injected into the underground storage environment when the market demand falls below the supply available from the pipeline. It is withdrawn from the storage reservoir to supplement the steady supply provided by the pipelines whenever the demand exceeds the supply. The overall wellbeing of the entire western world in general and of the NATO member count­ ries in particular depend critically upon having sufficient energy resources. Of over 80 quad Btus of energy consumed each year in the western world, about 30~ comes from natural gas, a figure only exceeded by oil. The technology related to supply and demand of natural gas has been in the focus of long range energy planning during the last decade in Western Europe. In view of recent developments related to natural gas in Europe and Turkey, an "Advanced Study Institute" programme in Turkey on underground storage of natural gas was deemed particularly relevant and timely.

Contenu

I. Management Perspective and International Aspects.- Management's Perspective on Underground Gas Storage.- Underground Storage of Natural Gas.- Review of World Wide Storage Projects.- Underground Gas Storage in Denmark - An Overview.- Needs for Underground Storage of Natural Gas in Spain. Prospects, Potentials and Developments: The Serrablo Field.- II Theory and Practice.- Fundamental Equations for Transport Processes in Storage Reservoirs.- Dual-Mechanism Gas Flow Dynamics in Single- and Dual-Porosity Systems.- Geostatistics Applied to Underground Gas Storage.- Deliverability of Natural Gas.- The Development of a Generalized Drawdown Equation for Real Gas Flow Including the Effects of Wellbore Storage and Turbulence.- Inventory Verification Isopore Volumetric Method.- Use of Pulse Test Technique and Reservoir Simulation for Developing Aquifer Storage.- Drilling and Completion Problems Related to Underground Gas Storage Wells.- Storage of Natural Gas in Salt Caverns.- Underground Storage of Liquefied Gases at Low Temperature.- Compressed Air Energy Storage (Peak Shaving Plant Neuenhuntorf).- Computer-Aided Pipeline Facilities and Control Systems.- III Recent Developments.- Mechanism of Gas-Water Flow in Storage Reservoirs.- Two-Phase Flow Simulation.- Mixing in Underground Gas Storage.- Geochemical Fingerprinting: Identification of Storage Gas Using Chemical and Isotopic Analysis.- Establishing a Data Base for Gas Identification.- Numerical Simulation of Miscible Displacement Processes in Gas Storage Reservoirs.- New Techniques in Underground Storage of Natural Gas in France.- IV Case Histories.- Case Histories in Underground Storage.- - Underground Storage - Reitbrook near Hamburg, FRG.- - Underground Storage - Schmidhausen near Munich, FRG.- - Underground Storage - Westemsland, FRG.- West Unionville Storage Field A Case History of Gas Migration.- Huntsman and West Engelland Fields A Case History of Gas Migration.- Author Index.