Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy

Mesenchymal Stem Cells or Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (collectively referred to as MSCs) are currently being tested in a number of clinical trials for various diseases including graft-versus-host disease, Crohn's disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes, cartilage defects, and many others. The increasing number of clinical trials globally indicates the likely therapeutic potential of this specialized adult stem cell. Over the last decade, there has been tremendous progress towards understanding an MSC's phenotype, expansion features in culture, differentiation ability and global gene and protein expression profiles. Despite the enormous progress and data accrual at the molecular and cellular levels, several questions remain as to the utility of MSCs for clinical applications.

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy is a comprehensive collection of information comprised of both basic and pre-clinical biological studies as well as current advances in clinical applications within the MSC therapy field. This text is a resource for both the basic life science and cell therapy researchers and includes a spectrum of review chapters from top experts in the field discussing clinical scale culture, regulatory issues, genetic engineering, disease specific applications and others.

Auteur

Dr. Lucas Chase has extensive research experience in both adult and pluripotent stem cell biology. Upon obtaining a Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota in 2006, Dr. Chase joined the Stem Cells unit at Invitrogen Corporation (now Life Technologies), working on the development of cGMP culture media, advanced cellular models and drug discovery assays. Recently, Dr. Chase joined Cellular Dynamics International, the world's largest producer of fully functional human cells derived from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, to support efforts to develop novel cell-based models for drug discovery and basic life science applications. In addition to the current text, Dr. Chase also co-edited the book Mesenchymal Stem Cell Assays and Applications through Springer.

Dr. Mohan Vemuri is currently the Director, Research and Development of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine at Life Technologies. Since joining Life Technologies in 2006, Dr. Vemuri has lead a team focused on stem cell product development for human pluripotent and adult stem cell expansion and differentiation in cGMP-regulated conditions for applied research and cell therapy. Before joining Life Technologies, Dr. Vemuri served as faculty and staff at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (University of Pennsylvania) and worked on engineering stem cells for enhanced self renewal, competitive engraftment and immune reconstitution utilizing novel gene transfer technologies. Mohan was also responsible for designing Parkinson's disease-related stem cell based assays and drug discovery efforts using GLP cell culture systems at Thomas Jefferson University. Dr. Vemuri has authored over 50 publications in peer reviewed journals and edited three books including Stem Cell Assays, Regulatory Networks in Stem Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Assays and Applications by Springer.

Résumé

Over the past decade, significant efforts have been made to develop stem cell-based therapies for difficult to treat diseases. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, also referred to as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), appear to hold great promise in regards to a regenerative cell-based therapy for the treatment of these diseases. Currently, more than 200 clinical trials are underway worldwide exploring the use of MSCs for the treatment of a wide range of disorders including bone, cartilage and tendon damage, myocardial infarction, graft-versus-host disease, Crohn's disease, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, critical limb ischemia and many others.

MSCs were first identified by Friendenstein and colleagues as an adherent stromal cell population within the bone marrow with the ability to form clonogenic colonies in vitro. In regards to the basic biology associated with MSCs, there has been tremendous progress towards understanding this cell population's phenotype and function from a range of tissue sources. Despite enormous progress and an overall increased understanding of MSCs at the molecular and cellular level, several critical questions remain to be answered in regards to the use of these cells in therapeutic applications. Clinically, both autologous and allogenic approaches for the transplantation of MSCs are being explored. Several of the processing steps needed for the clinical application of MSCs, including isolation from various tissues, scalable in vitro expansion, cell banking, dose preparation, quality control parameters, delivery methods and numerous others are being extensively studied. Despite a significant number of ongoing clinical trials, none of the current therapeutic approaches have, at this point, become a standard of care treatment. Although exceptionally promising, the clinical translation of MSC-based therapies is still a work in progress.

The extensive number of ongoing clinicaltrials is expected to provide a clearer path forward for the realization and implementation of MSCs in regenerative medicine. Towards this end, reviews of current clinical trial results and discussions of relevant topics association with the clinical application of MSCs are compiled in this book from some of the leading researchers in this exciting and rapidly advancing field. Although not absolutely all-inclusive, we hope the chapters within this book can promote and enable a better understanding of the translation of MSCs from bench-to-bedside and inspire researchers to further explore this promising and quickly evolving field.

Contenu

Scaling-up Ex-vivo Expansion of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells for Cellular Therapies.- Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Mechanisms of Immunomodulation and Homing.- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes: The Future MSC-based Therapy?.- The Biology of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Health and Disease and its Relevance to MSC-based Cell Delivery Therapies.- Pulmonary Clinical Applications for Mesenchymal Stem Cells.- Stem Cell Therapy for Bone Disorders.- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapies for Bone and Tendon Conditions.- Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSC) and the Repair of Cartilage Tissue.- Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Haematopoietic Stem Cell Culture.- Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treatment and Prevention of Graft-Versus-Host Disease and Graft Failure after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Future Challenges.- Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapy in Crohn's Disease.- Application of Mesenychymal Stem Cells in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Heart Disease.- Advances in Lentivector-based Cell Therapy with Mesenchymal Stem Cells.- Genetically Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cell and Gene Therapy.- Optimal Tissue Sources of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Clinical Trials.- Regulatory Considerations Applicable to Manufacturing of Human Placenta-derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSC) Used in Clinical Trials in Australia and Comparison to USA and European Regulatory Frameworks.- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Peripheral Vascular Diseases.- Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in the Clinic: What do the clinical trials say?.